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DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


US'l  iO'P 

School  of 


NATIONAL  PARKS  PORTFOLIO 


INTRODUCTION 


C)  build  a railroad,  reclaim  lands,  give  new  impulse  to  enterprise, 
and  offer  new  doors  to  ambitious  capital — these  are  phases  of 
the  ever-widening  life  and  activitv  of  this  Nation.  The  United 
States,  however,  does  more;  it  furnishes  playgrounds  to  the  peo- 
ple which  are,  we  ma}"  modestly  state,  without  any  rivals  in  the  world.  Just 
as  the  cities  are  seeing  the  wisdom  and  necessity  of  open  spaces  for  the  chil- 
dren, so  with  a very  large  view  the  Nation  has  been  saving  from  its  domain 
the  rarest  places  of  grandeur  and  beauty  for  the  enjo3'ment  of  the  world. 

And  this  fact  has  been  discovered  by  many  onl\',  this  year.  Having  an 
incentive  in  the  expositions  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  Europe  being  closed, 
thousands  have  for  the  first  time  crossed  the  continent  and  seen  one  or  more 
of  the  national  parks.  That  such  mountains  and  glaciers,  lakes  and  canjmns, 
forests  and  waterfalls  were  to  be  found  in  this  countiy  was  a revelation  to 
many  who  had  heard  but  had  not  believed.  It  would  appear  from  the  ex- 
perience of  the  past  }"ear  that  the  real  awakening  as  to  the  value  of  these  parks 
has  at  last  been  realized,  and  that  those  who  have  hitherto  found  themselves 
enticed  bj^  the  beauty  of  the  Alps  and  the  Rhine  and  the  soft  loveliness  of  the 
valleys  of  France  m_a}"  find  equal  if  not  more  stimulating  satisfaction  in  the 
mountains,  rivers,  and  valleys  which  this  Government  has  set  apart  for  them 
and  for  all  others. 

It  ma}^  reconcile  those  who  think  that  monet''  expended  upon  such  luxuries 
is  wasted — if  an}"  such  there  are — to  be  told  that  the  sober-minded  traffic  men 
of  the  railroads  estimate  that  last  t'ear  more  than  a hundred  million  dollars 
usually  spent  m European  travel  was  divided  among  the  railroads,  hotels,  and 
their  supporting  enterprises  m this  countn". 

There  is  no  reason  wh}"  this  nation  should  not  make  its  public  health  and 
scenic  domain  as  available  to  all  its  citizens  as  Switzerland  and  Italy  make 


CONTENTS 


Yellowstone  National  Park 

1 he  Land  of  Wonders — Threefold  Personality — Geysers  Spout  and  Steaming 
\apors  Rise — Many  Colored  Canyon — Greatest  Animal  Refuge — Animals 
Really  at  Home — I he  Paradise  of  Anglers — Living  in  the  Yellowstone. 

"WhSEMiTE  National  Park 

Land  of  Enchantment — 1 he  Valley  Incomparable — Charm  of  the  Scenic  Wild 
— Living  m theWilderness — I loga  Road — North  of  the  Valley’s  Rim — Mad 
Waters  of  J uolumne — d he  Everlasting  Snows. 


Sequoia  National  Park 

Land  of  Giant  I rees — I he  Biggest  Thing  Alive — The  Oldest  Thing  Alive — 
Other  People’s  Se<iuoias — Kings  and  Kern  Canyons — Sierra’s  Crest  and  Our 
Loftiest  Mountain. 


Mount  Rainier  National  Park 

1 he  Frozen  Octopus — I he  Giant  Rivers  of  Ice — In  an  Arctic  Wonderland — 
Glacier  and  Wild  Flower — Easiest  Glaciers  to  See. 


Crater  Lake  National  Park 


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The  Lake  of  Mystery — “The  Sea  of  Silence’’ — Story  of  Mount  Mazama — 
The  Legend  of  Liao — Viewed  from  the  Rim — The  Mine  of  Beauty — Unusual 
Fishing — Hotels  and  Camps. 


Mesa  Verde  National  Park 

Cities  of  the  Past — The  Story  of  the  Mesas — In  the  Cliff  Dwellings — Dis- 
covery of  Sun  Temple — d he  Mesa’s  Little  People — The  Principal  Dwellings 
— Summer  upon  Mesa  Verde. 


CiLACiER  National  Park 

An  Alpine  Paradise — Making  a National  Park — Its  Lakes  and  Valleys — Com- 
fort Among  Glaciers — Purchased  from  Indians — Creatures  of  the  Wild. 


Rocky  Mountain  National  Park 

“ Top  of  the  World’’ — Precipice-Walled  Gorges — d he  King  and  His  Kingdom 
— Metropolis  of  Beaverland — Records  of  the  Glaciers — Easy  to  Reach  and  See. 


Grand  Canyon  -National  Monument 

Colossus  of  Canyons — By  Sunset  and  Moonrise — Painted  in  Magic  Colors — 
Romantic  Indian  Legend — Masterpiece  of  Erosion — Powell’s  Great  Adven- 
ture— Easy  to  Reach  and  to  See. 


31  Views 


28  Views 


27  Views 


24  Views 

Diagrams 
23  Views 


27  Views 


23  Views 
29  Views 

24  Views 


Photograph  by  J.  E.  Haynes,  St.  Paul 


OLD  FAITHFUL 


THE 

YELLOWSTONE 

NATIONAL  PARK 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
Franklin  K.  Lane,  Secretary 


9 Q Q 9 1 
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Photograph  by  J.  E.  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

The  Great  Falls  of  the  Yellowstone,  Nearly  Twice  as  High  as  Niagara 
Below  these  falls  the  river  enters  the  gorgeously  colored  Grand  Cant'on  of  the  Yellowstone 


Copyright,  1906,  by  W.  S.  Berry 


Antelope 


THE  LAND  OF  WONDERS 


IE  Yellowstone  National  Park  is  the  largest  and  most  wideh'  cele- 
brated of  our  national  parks.  It  is  a wooded  wilderness  of  thirtv- 
three  hundred  square  miles.  It  contains  more  geysers  than  are 
found  in  the  rest  of  the  world  together.  It  has  Innumerable  boil- 
ing springs  whose  steam  mingles  with  the  clouds. 

It  has  many  rushing  rivers  and  large  lakes.  It  has  waterfalls  of  great 
height  and  large  volume.  It  has  fishing  waters  unexcelled. 

It  has  canyons  of  sublimity,  one  of  which  presents  a spectacle  of  broken 
color  unequaled.  It  has  areas  of  petrified  forests  with  trunks  standing.  It 
has  innumerable  wild  animals  which  have  ceased  undult^  to  fear  man;  in  fact, 
It  IS  unique  as  a bird  and  animal  sanctuary. 

It  h as  great  hotels  and  maii}^  public  camps.  It  has  two  hundred  miles  of 
excellent  roads. 

In  short,  it  is  not  only  the  wonderland  that  common  report  describes;  it  is 
also  the  fitting  playground  and  pleasure  resort  of  a great  people;  it  is  also  the 
ideal  summer  school  of  nature  study. 


Photograph  by  George  R.  King 

The  Upper  Falls  of  the  ’I’ellowstone,  a Few  Miles  Below  Yellowstone  Lake 


Above  these  falls  the  rushing  river  lies  nearly  level  with  surrounding  country; 


below  it  begin  the  canyons 


Photograph  by  George  R.  King 


Crest  of  the  Upper  Falls 


THREEFOLD  PERSONALITY 

Y ellowstone  is  associated  in  the  public  mind  with  geysers  only. 
Thousands  even  of  those  who,  watches  in  hand,  have  hustled 
from  sight  to  sight  over  the  usual  stage  schedules,  bring  home 
vivid  impressions  of  little  else. 

1 here  never  was  a greater  mistake.  Were  there  no  get'sers,  the  Y ellow- 
stone watershed  alone,  with  its  glowing  canvon,  w'ould  he  wmrth  the  national 
park.  Were  there  also  no  canyon,  the  scenic  wilderness  and  its  incomparable 
wealth  of  wild-animal  life  would  be  worth  the  national  park. 

The  personality  of  the  YYllowstone  is  threefold.  The  hot-water  manifes- 
tations are  worth  minute  examination,  the  canyon  a contemplative  visit,  the 
park  a summer.  Dunraven  Pass,  Mount  Washburn,  the  canyon  at  Tower 
Falls,  Shoshone  Lake,  Sylvan  Pass — these  are  known  to  verj'  few  indeed. 
See  all  or  }'ou  have  not  seen  the  Yellowstone. 


Photograph  hy  J.  E.  Haynes,  Si.  Paul 

Castle  Well,  One  of  the  Innumerable  Hot  Springs 
I’hesc  springs,  whose  marvellously  clear  water  is  a deep  green,  have  an  astonishing  depth 


Photograph  by  Edzvard  S.  Curtis 

The  Carved  and  Fretted  Terraces  at  A-Iammoth  Hot  Springs 
These  great  white  hills,  deposited  and  built  up  by  the  hot  waters,  sometimes  envelope  forest  trees 


Photograph  by  J.  E.  Haynes,  St.  Paul 


The  Giant  Geyser,  in  Many  Respects  the  Greatest  of  All 
It  spouts  for  an  hour  at  a time,  the  water  reaching  a height  of  250  feet.  Interval,  six  to  fourteen  days 


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Photograph  by  J.  E.  Haynes.  St.  Paul  Photograph  by  J.  E.  Haynes.  St.  Paul 

The  Spectacular  Fountain  Geyser,  Seldom  in  Eruption  The  Lively  Riverside  Geyser  Which  Plays  Every  Few  Hours 


Photograph  by  /.  E.  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

Electric  Peak,  a Superb  Landmark  of  the  North  Side 

MANY-COLORED  CANYON 

:ROM  Inspiration  Point,  looking  a thousand  feet  almost  vertically 
down  upon  the  foaming  Yellowstone  River,  and  southward  three 
miles  to  the  Great  Falls,  the  hushed  observer  sees  spread  before 
him  the  most  glorious  kaleidoscope  of  color  he  will  ever  see  in 
nature.  The  steep  slopes  are  inconceivably  carved  by  the  frost  and  the  ero- 
sion of  the  ages.  Sometimes  they  lie  in  straight  lines  at  easy  angles,  from 
which  jut  high  rock}^  prominences.  Sometimes  they  seem  carved  from  the 
side  walls.  Here  and  there  jagged  rocky  needles  rise  perpendicularly  like 
groups  of  gothic  spires. 

And  the  whole  is  colored  as  brokenly  and  vividly  as  the  field  of  a kaleido- 
scope. The  whole  is  streaked  and  spotted  and  stratified  m every  shade  from 
the  deepest  orange  to  the  faintest  lemon,  from  deep  crimson  through  all  the 
brick  shades  to  the  softest  pink,  from  black  through  all  the  grays  and  pearls 
to  glistening  white.  The  greens  are  furnished  b}^  the  dark  pines  above,  the 
lighter  shades  of  growth  caught  here  and  there  in  soft  masses  on  the  gentler 
slopes  and  the  foaming  green  of  the  plunging  river  so  far  below.  The  blues, 
ever  changing,  are  found  in  the  dome  of  the  sky  overhead. 


Copyright  by  Gifford 


View  from  Mount  Washburn  Showing  Yellowstone  Lake  in  Distance 
The  northern  east  side  is  a country  of  striking  and  romantic  scenery  made  accessible  by  excellent  roads 


Copyright  by  Gifford 


Trouting  in  the  Yellowstone  River 


One  of  the  great  trout  rivers  of  the  world.  The  fish  run  large.  They  are  taken  with  spoon  and  fly 


Copyright  by  J.  E.  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

Standing  upon  Artist’s  Point,  Which  Pushes  Out  Almost  Over  the  Foaming  River  aP 

You  INTO  the  Most  Glorious  Kaleidoscoi 


tousAND  Feet  Below,  the  Incomparable  Canyon  of  the  ellowstone  Widens  Before 
OF  Color  You  Will  Ever  See  in  Nature 


Thirty  Thousand  Elk  Roam  This  Sanctuary  Wilderness 


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Photograph  by  G.  S:v'anson 

Deer  Make  Unexpected  Silhouettes  at  Frequent  Intervals 

GREATEST  ANIMAL  REEUGE 

HE  Yellowstone  National  Park  is  by  far  the  largest  and  most  suc- 
cessful wild-ammal  preserve  in  the  world.  Since  it  was  estab- 
lished in  1872  hunting  has  been  strictly  prohibited,  and  elk,  bear, 
deer  of  several  kinds,  antelope,  bison,  moose,  and  bighorn  mountain 
sheep  roam  the  plains  and  mountains  in  large  numbers.  Tbirt}'  thousand  elk, 
for  instance,  live  in  the  park.  Antelope,  nearly  extinct  elsewhere,  here  abound. 

These  animals  have  long  since  ceased  to  fear  man  as  wild  animals  do  every- 
where except  in  our  national  parks.  While  few  tourists  see  them  who  follow 
the  beaten  roads  in  the  everlasting  sequence  of  stages,  those  who  linger  m the 
glorious  wilderness  see  them  in  an  abundance  that  fairly  astonishes. 


Photograph  by  S.  N.  Leek 

In  Winter  When  the  Snows  Are  Deep  Park  Rangers  Leave  Hay  in 

Convenient  Spots 


Photograph  by  Edward  S.  Curtis 

There  Are  Two  Prosperous  Herds  of  Bison,  or  Buffalo,  Both  Increasing  Rapidly.  The  Wild  Herd  Has  Developed  from  a Few  Animals 
Which  Broke  Teirough  the  Tame  Herd  Corral  Some  Years  Ago  and  Sought  Refuge  in  the  Eastern  Wilderness 


ANIMALS  REALLY  AT  HOME 


Photograph  by  Edzvard  S.  Curtis 

Unlike  the  Grizzly,  the  Brown  I^ear  Climbs  Trees  Quickly  and  Easily 


lRY  different,  indeed,  from  the  beasts  of  the  after-dinner  story 
and  the  literature  of  adventure  are  the  wild  animals  of  the  Yel- 
lowstone. Never  shot  at,  never  pursued,  they  are  comparative!}' 
as  fearless  as  song-birds  nestling  m the  homestead  trees. 

Wilderness  bears  cross  the  road  without  haste  a few  wirds  ahead  of  the 
solitaiy  passer-b\',  and  his  accustomed  horses  jog  on  undisturbed.  Deer  b}' 
scores  lift  their  antlered  heads  above  near  thickets  to  watch  his  passing.  Elk 
scarcely  slow  their  cropping  of  forest  grasses.  Even  the  occasional  moose, 
straying  far  from  his  southern  wilderness,  scarcel}'  quickens  his  long  lope. 
Herds  of  antelope  on  near-b}'  hills  watch  but  hold  their  own. 

Onl}'  the  grizzl)’  and  the  mountain  sheep,  besides  the  predator}'  beasts,  still 
hide  in  the  fastnesses.  But  the  mountain  sheep  loses  fear  and  joins  the  others 
in  winters  of  heav}'  snow  when  park  rangers  scatter  ha}'  b}'  the  roadside. 


P/ioiOf^raph  hy  S.  N.  Le'i'k.  ‘ 


THE  PARADISE  OF  ANGEERS 

IE  Yellowstone  is  a land  of  Splendid  rivers.  Three  watersheds 
find  their  beginnings  within  its  borders.  From  Yellowstone  Lake 
flows  north  the  rushing  Yellowstone  River  with  its  many  tribu- 
taries; from  Shoshone,  Lewis,  and  Heart  Lakes  flows  south  the 
Snake  River;  and  in  the  western  slopes  rise  the  Madison  and  its  maii}^  tribu- 
taries. All  are  trout  waters  of  high  degree. 

The  native  trout  of  this  region  is  the  lamous  cutthroat.  The  grayling  is 
native  in  the  Madison  River  and  its  tributaries.  Others  have  been  planted. 

Besides  the  stream  fishing,  which  is  unsurpassed,  the  lakes,  particularly  cer- 
tain small  ones,  aflord  admirable  sport. 


Photograph  by  J.  E.  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

A Big  Trout  from  Shoshone  Lake 


The  game  cutthroat  is  the  commonest  trout  in  the  \ cllowstone,  but  there  are  si.x  other  varieties 


Photograph  by  J.  E.  Haynes 

Cutthroats  from  One  to  Three  or  Four  Pounds  Are  Taken  in  Large  Numbers 
AT  THE  Yellowstone  Lake  Outlet 


Copyright  by  Gifford 

Young  Pelicans  on  Pelican  Island  in  Yellowstone  Lake 
The  Yellowstone  pelicans  are  very  large  and  pure  white^  a picturesque  feature  of  the  park 


Photograph  hy  J.  K.  Ilayntw,  St.  Paul 


Old  Faithful  Inn 


Copyr-yhl  h : J.  E.  Ilaynrs.  St.  Paul 


The  Mammoth  Hotel 


Photograph  hy  J.  E.  Hayne<:,  St.  Paul 


The  Lahe  Hotel 


Three  of  the  Five  Large  Hotels  in  the  Yellowstone  National  Park 


Photograph  by  Shiplers,  Salt  Lake  City 

There  Are  Also  More  Than  a Dozen  Large  Public  Camps 


LIVING  in  the  YELLOWSTONE 


HE  park  has  entrances  on  all  four  sides.  Three  have  railroad  con- 
nections; the  southern  entrance,  b}'  way  ot  Jackson’s  Hole  and 
past  the  jagged  snowv  Tetons,  is  available  for  vehicles.  The  roads 
from  all  entrances  enter  a central  belt  road  which  makes  a large 
circuit  connecting  places  of  special  interest. 

Five  large  hotels  are  located  at  points  convenient  for  seeing  the  sights,  and 
are  supplemented  by  a dozen  or  more  public  camps  at  modest  prices. 

Transportation  companies  make  the  circuit  on  schedules  which  carrt'  the 
hurried  visitor  around  the  park  in  five  daj'S. 

But  the  day  of  the  unhurried  visitor  has  dawned.  If  t'oti  want  to  enjo}" 
}mur  Yellowstone,  if,  indeed,  you  want  even  to  see  it,  you  should  make  jmur 
minimum  twice  five  days;  two  weeks  is  better;  a month  is  ideal. 

Spend  the  additional  time  at  the  canyon  and  on  the  trails.  See  the  lake 
and  the  pelicans.  Visit  Shoshone  Lake.  Climb  Mount  Washburn.  Spend  a 
day  at  Tower  Falls.  See  Fort  Yellowstone  at  Mammoth  Hot  Springs.  Hunt 
wild  animals  with  a camera.  Stay  with  the  wilderness  and  it  will  repay  you  a 
thousandfold.  Fish  a little,  stud}'  nature  m her  mj'riad  wealth — and  live. 

The  Yellowstone  National  Park  is  ideal  for  camping  out.  When  people  rea- 
lize this  it  should  quickl}'  become  the  most  lived  in,  as  it  alreadv  is  one  of  the 
most  livable,  of  all  our  national  parks.  Remember  that  the  Yellowstone  is  v'otirs. 


Photograph  by  S.  N.  Leek 


Copyright  by  S.  N.  Leek 

The  South  Entrance  Is  Near  the  Lordly  Teton  Range,  Just  Over  the  Boundary 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AT  A GLANCE 

Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation 
[Number,  14;  Total  Area,  7,290  Square  Miles] 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

AREA 

in 

square 

miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

Hot  Springs  Reser- 
vation 
1832 

Middle 

Arkansas 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties — Many  hotels 
and  boarding-houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Hot  Springs — 
bath-houses  under  public  control. 

Yellowstone 

1872 

North- 

western 

Wyoming 

3.348 

IMore  gej^sers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together — Boiling 
springs — Mud  volcanoes — Petrified  forests — Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring — ■ 
Large  lakes — Many  large  streams  and  waterfalls- -Vast 
wilderness  inhabited  by  deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope, 
bear,  mountain  sheep,  beaver,  etc.,  constituting  greatest 
wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world — Altitude  6,000  to 
11,000  feet — Exceptional  trout  fishing. 

Yosemite 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

LI25 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty — Lofty  cliffs — Romantic  vistas 
— Many  waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height — 3 groves  of 
big  trees — High  Sierra — Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks — • 
Waterwheel  falls — Good  trout  fishing. 

Sequoia 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

237 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park — 12.000  sequoia  trees  over  10  feet 
in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter — Towering 
mountain  ranges — Startling  precipices — Fine  trout  fishing. 

General  Grant 
1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter — six  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park  and 
under  same  management. 

Mount  Rainier 
1899 

West 

central 

Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system — 28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size — Forty-eight  square  miles  of  glacier, 
fifty  to  five  hundred  feet  thick — Remarkable  sub-alpine 
wild-flower  fields. 

Crater  Lake 
1902 

South- 

western 

Oregon 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
inlet,  no  outlet — Sides  1,000  feet  high — Interesting  lava  for- 
mations— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Mesa  Verde 
1906 

South- 

western 

Colorado 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings  in 
L’nited  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

Platt 

1906 

Southern 

Oklahoma 

lyi 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties — 
Under  Government  regulations. 

Glacier 

1910 

North- 

western 

Montana 

I.S34 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  Alpine  character — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty — 60  small  glaciers 
— Peaks  of  unusual  shape — Precipices  thousands  of  feet 
deep — .\lmost  sensational  scenery  of  marked  individuality 
— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Rocky  Mountain 
1913 

North 

middle 

Colorado 

358 

Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Sully’s  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1892,  Arizona 


Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devil’s  Lake. 
Large  natural  cavern. 

Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  tlie  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
1 he  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-tnp  excursion  fares  to  the 
American  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National 
Parks  during  tlieir  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  tlie  trip.  Trans- 
continental through  trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  For  schedules  and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  write  to  the 
Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the  above  map,  as  follows: 


Arizona  Eastern  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  --  --  Tucson,  Anz. 

Atchison,  Topeka  & Santa  Fe  Railway  -iiigRaihvay  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago  & North  Western  Railway  -------  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Burlington  & Quincy  Railroad  Co.  - - - - 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway  Railway  Exchange.  Chicago,  111. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Denver  & Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.  Equitable  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Great  Northern  Railway  -----  Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Gulf,  Colorado  & Santa  Fe  Railway  - - Galveston,  Texas. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  Central  Station,  Chicago,  III. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  - Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  - - - . Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  &.  Salt  Lake  Railroad  - - - Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angelesj  Calif. 

Southern  Pacific  Company  - --  --  --  --  Flood  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

LInion  Pacific  System  ------  Garland  Building.  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  III. 

Wabash  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  M*o. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  --  - Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  tlie  National  Parks  write  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

YELLOWSTONE  BELONGS  TO  YOU 

IT  IS  ONE  OE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OE  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  IT  IS  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


PRESS  OF  CHARLES  SCRIBNER’S  SONS,  NEW  YORK 


Photograph  by  A.  C.  Pillsbury 

The  Highest  Waterfall  in  the  World — the  Yosemite  Falls 
The  Upper  Fall  measures  1,430  feet,  as  high  as  nine  Niagaras.  The  Lower  Fall  measures  320  feet. 
The  total  drop  from  crest  to  river,  including  intermediate  cascades,  is  half  a mile 


i 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cozvling 

The  Yosemite  Valley  from  Inspiration  Point,  Showing  Bridalveil  Falls 

LAND  of  ENCHANTMENT 

3 does  not  know  of  the  Yosemite  Vallej"  ? And  vet,  how  few 
ave  heard  of  the  Yosemite  National  Park  ! Plow  few  know  that 
his  world-famous,  incomparable  Valley  is  merely  a crack  seven 
liles  long  in  a scenic  masterpiece  of  eleven  hundred  square  miles  ! 

John  Muir  loved  the  Vallejo  and  crystallized  its  fame  in  phrase. 

But  still  more  he  loved  the  National  Park,  which  he  describes  as  including 
“innumerable  lakes  and  waterfalls  and  smooth  silky  lawns;  the  noblest  forests, 
the  loftiest  granite  domes,  the  deepest  ice-sculptured  canyons,  the  brightest 
crystalline  pavements,  and  snowj"  mountains  soaring  into  the  skt'  twelve  and 
thirteen  thousand  feet,  arraj'ed  in  open  ranks  and  spiry-pmnacled  groups  par- 
tially separated  by  tremendous  canjmns  and  ampitheaters;  gardens  on  their 
sunny  brows,  avalanches  thundering  down  their  long  white  slopes,  cataracts 
roaring  gray  and  foaming  in  the  crooked  rugged  gorges,  and  glaciers  in  their 
shadowy  recesses  working  in  silence,  slowly  completing  their  sculptures;  new- 
born lakes  at  their  feet,  blue  and  green,  free  or  encumbered  with  drifting  ice- 
bergs like  miniature  Arctic  Oceans,  shining,  sparkling,  calm  as  stars.” 


r 


The  Yosemite  Valley  from  Glacier  Point 
The  Upper  and  Lower  Yosemite  Falls  are  here  shown  in  partial  profile 


Photograph  by  J.  T.  Boysen 

Half  Dome  from  Near  Washington  Column 


Its  summit  is  4,892  feet  above  the  floor  of  the  Valley 


Early  Morning  Beside  Mirror  Lake 
This  lake  is  famous  for  its  reflections  of  the  cliffs.  Mount  Watkins  in  the  background 


Copyrighted,  i<^io,  by  J.  T.  Boy  sen 

El  Capitan  at  Sunset 

This  gigantic  rock,  whose  hard  granite  resisted  the  glacier,  rises  3,604  feet  from  the  Valley  floor 


THE  VALLEY  INCOMPARABLE 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cowling 

Beautiful  Vernal  Falls 


HE  first  view  of  most 
spots  of  unusual 
celebrity  often  falls 
short  of  expecta- 
tion, but  this  is  seldom,  if  ever, 
true  of  the  Yosemite  Valley. 
The  sheer  immensity  of  the 
precipices  on  either  side  of  the 
peaceful  floor;  the  loftiness  and 
the  romantic  suggestion  of  the 
numerous  waterfalls;  the  maj- 
esty of  the  granite  walls;  and 
the  unreal,  almost  fairy  quality 
of  the  ever-varying  whole  can- 
not be  successfully  foretold. 

This  valley  was  once  a tor- 
tuous river  canyon.  So  rapidly 
was  it  cut  by  the  Merced  that 
the  tributary  valleys  soon  re- 
mained hanging  high  on  either 
side.  Then  the  canyon  became 
the  bed  of  a great  glacier.  It 
was  widened  as  well  as  deepened, 
and  the  hanging  character  of  the 
side  valleys  was  accentuated. 

This  explains  the  enormous 
height  of  the  waterfalls. 

The  Yosemite  Falls,  for  in- 
stance, drops  1,430  feet  in  one 
sheer  fall,  a height  equal  to 
nine  Niagara  Falls  piled  one  on 
top  of  the  other.  The  Lower 
Yosemite  Fall,  immediately  be- 
low, has  a drop  of  320  feet, 
or  two  Niagaras  more.  Vernal 
Falls  has  the  same  height.  The 
Nevada  Falls  drops  594  feet 
sheer,  and  the  celebrated  Bridal- 
veil  Falls  620  feet.  Nowhere 
else  in  the  world  may  be  had  a 
water  spectacle  such  as  this. 


Photograph  by  H,  C.  Tihbitis 

Its  Name  Is  Self-Evident — the  Bridalveil  Falls 


Photograph  by  C.  II.  Hamilton 


Mirror  Lake 


A Nearer  View  of  Nevada  Fali,s,  Liberty  Cap  on  Left 


Photograph  by  A,  C.  Pillsbury 

Vernal  and  Nevada  Falls  and  Half  Dome  from  the  Glacier  Point  Trail 


Photograph  by  /.  T.  Boysen 


A Bend  in  the  Big  Oak  Flat  Road 


Photograph  by  A.  C.  Pillsbury  I 

The  Sheer  Immensity  of  the  Precipices  on  Either  Side  the  Valley’s  Peaceful  Floy 

Quality  of  the  Ever-Varying  ■ i 


THE  Romantic  Majesty  of  the  Granite  Walls,  and  the  Unreal,  Almost  Fairylike 
;oLE,  Attest  It  Incomparable 


CHARM  OF  THE  SCENIC  WILD 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cowling 

The  Grizzly  Giant,  the  Biggest 
Yosemite  Sequoia 


UMMER  in  the  Yosemite  is 
unreal.  The  Valley,  with  its 
foaming  falls  dissolving  into 
mists,  its  calm  forests  hiding 
river,  its  enormous  granites 
peaked  and  domed  against  the  sky,  its 
inspiring  silence  haunted  by  distant  wa- 
ter, suggests  a dream.  One  has  a sense 
of  faiiyland  and  the  awe  of  infinity. 

Imagine  Cathedral  Rocks  rising 
twentj^-six  hundred  feet  above  the  wild 
flowers,  El  Capitan  thirty-six  hundred 
feet.  Sentinel  Dome  four  thousand  feet. 
Half  Dome  five  thousand  feet,  and 
Cloud’s  Rest  six  thousand  feet ! And 
among  them  the  waterfalls  ! 

Even  the  weather  appears  impossible; 
the  summers  are  warm,  but  not  too 
warm;  dry,  but  not  too  dry;  the  nights 
cold  and  marvellously  starry. 

A few  miles  awaj^  are  the  Big  Trees, 
not  the  greatest  groves  nor  the  greatest 
trees,  for  those  are  in  the  Sequoia  Na- 
tional Park,  a hundred  miles  south,  but 
three  groves  containing  monsters  which, 
next  to  Sequoia’s,  are  the  hugest  and  the 
oldest  living  things.  Of  these  the  Grizzly 
Giant  is  king — whose  diameter  is  nearly 
thirty  feet,  whose  girth  is  over  ninety- 
nine,  and  whose  height  is  more  than  two 
hundred.  Their  presence  commands  the 
silence  due  to  worship. 

Winter  is  becoming  a feature  in  the 
life  of  the  Valley.  Hotels  are  open  to 
accommodate  an  increasing  flow  of  visit- 
ors. The  falls  are  still  and  frozen,  the 
trees  laden  with  snowy  burdens.  The 
greens  have  vanished;  the  winter  sun 
shines  upon  a gloiy  of  gray  and  white. 

Winter  sports  are  rapidly  becoming 
popular  on  the  floor  of  the  Valley. 


th 


e singing 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tihbitts 

^^'INTER  IN  THE  ’^'OSEMITE  \’aLLEY 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tibbitts 

Skiing  in  the  Yosemite  Valley 

Winter  sports  are  rapidly  becoming  popular  on  the  floor  of  the  Valley 


LIVING  IN  THE  WILDERNESS 


Copyrighted,  1910,  hy  J.  T.  Boysen 

Who’s  Cominc;? 


Copyrighted.  1910,  by  J.  T.  Boysen 


Woof  ! 


GIVING  is  comfortable  in  the 
Yosemite.  Four  roomy  public 
camps,  two  excellent  hotels, 
and  several  new  lodges  offer 
the  visitor  a choice  of  kind  and  price. 
New  hotels  are  building  to  replace  the  old. 
Other  lodges  are  planned  for  regions  far 
from  the  Valley. 

These  improved  conditions  begin  the 
larger  development  of  the  Yosemite  Na- 
tional Park  which  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  has  planned  so  long  and  so  care- 
fulT.  It  has  there  inaugurated  a model 
polic}^  for  all  the  national  parks.  The 
Yosemite  is  reached  from  Merced. 

The  Yosemite  is  an  excellent  place  to 
camp  out.  One  may  have  choice  of  manj^ 
kinds  of  mountain  country.  Nearly  every- 
where the  trout  fishing  is  exceptionally 
line.  Camping  outfits  may  be  rented  and 
supplies  purchased  in  the  Valley.  Garages 
for  motorists  and  rest-houses  for  trampers 
will  be  found  at  convenient  intervals. 


TIOGA  ROAD 


BOVE  tbe  north  rim  of  the 
valley  the  old  Tioga  Road, 
which  the  Department  of  the 
Interior  acquired  in  1915  and 
put  into  good  condition,  crosses  the  park 
from  east  to  west,  affording  a new  route 
across  the  Sierra  and  opening  to  the  pub- 
lic for  the  first  time  the  magnificent  scenic 
region  in  the  north. 

The  Tioga  Road  was  built  m 1881  to  a 
mine  soon  after  abandoned.  For  j^ears  it 
has  been  impassable.  It  is  now  the  gate- 
waj'  to  a wilderness  heretofore  accessible 
only  to  campers. 


NORTH  OF  THE  VALLEY’S  RIM 


lFORE  the  restored  Tioga  Road  pointed  the  way  to  the  mag- 
nificent mountain  and  valley  area  constituting  the  northern  half 
of  the  Yosemite  National  Park,  this  pleasure  paradise  was  known 
to  none  except  a few  enthusiasts  who  penetrated  its  wilderness 
3^ear  after  year  with  camping  oufits. 

This  is  the  region  of  rivers  and  lakes  and  granite  domes  and  brllliantl}^ 
polished  glacial  pavements.  The  mark  of  the  glacier  is  seen  on  every  hand. 

It  is  the  region  of  small  glaciers,  remnants  of  a gigantic  past,  of  which  there 
are  several  in  the  park.  It  is  the  region  of  rock-bordered  glacier  lakes  of 
which  there  are  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty.  It  is  the  region,  above  all, 
of  small,  rushing  rivers  and  of  the  roaring,  foaming,  twisting  Tuolumne. 

From  the  base  of  the  Sierra  crest,  born  of  its  snows,  the  Tuolumne  River 
rushes  westward  roughly  paralleling  the  Tioga  Road.  Midway  it  slants 
sharpl}^  down  into  the  Tuolumne  Canyon  forming  in  its  mad  course  a water 
spectacle  destined  some  day  to  world  fame. 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  TibbiUs 


Tioga  Road  Scenery 


Photograph  by  H . C.  Tibbiits  ' 

North  of  the  Valley’s  Rim.  On  the  Right  May  Be  Seen  the  Back  of  Half  Dome;  on  the  Left  the  Back  of  Cloud’s  Rest 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tibbitts 

The  Celebrated  Tuolumne  Meadows,  from  the  Tioga  Road  Near  Soda  Springs,  Showing  Cathedral  Peak 


Photograph  by  //’.  L.  Huber 

'I'liE  High  Sierra:  View  of  Mount  Ritter  from  Kuna  Crest 


Photograph  by  Herbert  IV.  Gleason 

Beautiful  Rogers  Lake  and  Regulation  Peak  in  the  Northern  Part  of  the  Park 


Photograph  by  IV.  L.  Huber 

The  Waterwheel  Below  California  Falls 

MAD  WATERS  of  TUOLUMNE 

lONE  but  the  hardiest  climbers  have  clambered  down  the  Grand 
Canj^on  of  the  Tuolumne  and  seen  its  leaping  waters. 

I Here  the  river,  slanting  sharply,  becomes,  in  John  Muir’s 
I phrase,  “one  wild,  exulting,  onrushing  mass  of  snowy  purple  bloom 
spreading  over  glacial  waves  of  granite  without  any  definite  channel,  gliding  in 
magnificent  silver  plumes,  dashing  and  foaming  through  huge  boulder  dams,  leap- 
ing high  in  the  air  in  wheel-like  whirls,  displaying  glorious  enthusiasm,  tossing 
from  side  to  side,  doubling,  glinting,  singing  in  exuberance  of  mountain  energy.” 


A Pair  of  Tuolumne  Waterwheels 


Photograph  by  A.  C.  Pillsbury 


THE  EVERLASTING  SNOWS 


Ffuto^raph  by  //’.  L.  lliiber 

Ascending  Mount  Lyell 


jUMMITS  of  perpetual 
snow  are,  for  most  Amer- 
icans, a new  association 
with  Yosemite.  But  the 
region’s  very  origin  was  that  Sierra 
whose  crest  peaks  on  the  park’s  eastern 
boundary  still  shelter  in  shrunken  old 
age  the  once  all-powerful  glaciers. 

Excelsior,  Conness,  Dana,  Kuna, 
Blacktop,  L3^ell,  Long — from  the  com- 
panionship of  these  great  peaks  de- 
scended the  ice-pack  of  old  and  de- 
scend to-day  the  sparkling  waters  of 
the  Tuolumne  and  the  Merced. 

From  their  great  summits  the 
climber  beholds  a sublime  wilderness  of 
crowded,  towering  mountains,  a con- 
trast to  the  silent,  uplifting  Valley  as 
striking  as  mind  can  conceive.  Ever- 
lasting snows  fill  the  hollows  between 
the  peaks  and  spatter  their  jagged  gran- 
ite sides.  The  glaciers  feed  innumer- 
able small  lakes. 


Photograph  by  JV.  L.  Huber 


Crossing  Snow  Hummocks  in  the  Ascent  of  Mount  Lyell 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AT  A GLANCE 

Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation 
[Number,  14;  Total  Area,  7,290  Square  Miles] 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

AREA 

in 

square 

miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

Hot  Springs  Reser- 
vation 
1832 

Middle 

Arkansas 

iK 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties — Many  hotels 
and  boarding-houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Hot  Springs — 
bath-houses  under  public  control. 

Yellowstone 

1872 

North- 

western 

Wyoming 

3.348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together — Boiling 
springs — Mud  volcanoes — Petrified  forests — Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring — 
Large  lakes — Many  large  streams  and  waterfalls — Vast 
wilderness  inhabited  by  deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope, 
bear,  mountain  sheep,  beaver,  etc.,  constituting  greatest 
wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world — Altitude  6,coo  to 
11,000  feet — Exceptional  trout  fishing. 

Yosemite 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

1. 125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty — Lofty  cliffs — Romantic  vistas 
— Many  waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height — 3 groves  of 
big  trees — High  Sierra — Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks — 
Waterwheel  falls — Good  trout  fishing. 

Sequoia 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

237 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park — 12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10  feet 
in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter — Towering 
mountain  ranges — Startling  precipices — Fine  trout  fishing. 

General  Grant 
1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter — six  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park  and 
under  same  management. 

Mount  Rainier 
1899 

West 

central 

Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system — 28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size — Forty-eight  square  miles  of  glacier, 
fifty  to  five  hundred  feet  thick — Remarkable  sub-alpine 
wild-flower  fields. 

Crater  Laxce 
1902 

South- 

western 

Oregon 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
inlet,  no  outlet — Sides  1,000  feet  high — Interesting  lava  for- 
mations— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Mesa  Verde 
1906 

South- 

western 

Colorado 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings  in 
United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

Platt 

1906 

Southern 

Oklahoma 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties — 
Under  Government  regulations. 

Glacier 

1910 

North- 

western 

Montana 

1,534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  Alpine  character — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty — 60  small  glaciers 
— Peaks  of  unusual  shape — Precipices  thousands  of  feet 
deep — Almost  sensational  scenery  of  marked  individuality 
— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Rocky  Mountain 

1915 

North 

middle 

Colorado 

Cn 

00 

Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Sully’s  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devil’s  Lake. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1892,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
1 he  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the 
American  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National 
Parks  during  their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Trans- 
continental through  trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  For  schedules  and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  write  to  the 
Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the  above  map,  as  follows: 


Arizona  Eastern  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  --  --  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Atchison,  Topeka  & Santa  Fe  Railway  -------  ii  19 Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago  & North  Western  Railway  -------  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chjcago,  111. 

Chicago,  Burlington  & Quincy  Railroad  Co.  - - - - 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Denver  & Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.  -------  Equitable  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Great  Northern  Railway  - - - - - Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Gulf,  Colorado  & Santa  Fe  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Galveston,  Texas. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  Central  Station,  Chicago,  111. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  - Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  - - _ - Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  & Salt  Lake  Railroad  - - - Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Caljf. 

Southern  Pacific  Company  - --  --  --  --  Flood  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Union  Pacific  System  ------  Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  III. 

Wabash  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Railway  Exchange  Building.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  --  - Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 

REMEMBER  THAT 

YOSEMITE  BELONGS  TO  YOU 

IT  IS  ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  IT  IS  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

PRESS  OF  CHARLES  SCRIBNER’S  SONS,  NEW  YORK 


THE  BIG  TREE  NATIONAL  PARK 


SEQUOIA 

NATIONAL  PARK 


Fhoiograph  by  A.  C.  Pillsbury 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
Franklin  K.  Lane,  Secretary 


Photograph  by  Rodney  L.  Glisan 

View  of  the  Big  Arroyo  from  Sawtooth  Peak 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 

It  Is  the  Ideal  Park  for  Camping 


LAND  OF  GIANT  TREES 


ATURE’S  forest  masterpiece  is  John  Muir’s  designation  of  the 
giant  tree  after  which  is  named  the  Sequoia  National  Park  in 
middle  eastern  California.  Here,  within  an  area  of  two  hundred 
and  thirty-seven  square  miles,  are  found  several  large  groves  of 
the  celebrated  Sequoia  giga^itea,  popularly  known  as  the  Big  Tree  of  California. 

More  than  a million  of  these  trees  grow  within  the  park’s  narrow  confines, 
many  of  them  mere  babes  of  a few  hundred  years,  many  sturdy  j^ouths  of  a 
thousand  years,  many  in  the  young  vigor  of  two  or  three  thousand  years,  and 
a few  in  full  maturity.  The  principal  entrance  is  Visalia,  California. 

Half  a dozen  miles  away  is  the  General  Grant  National  Park,  whose  four 
square  miles  were  set  apart  because  they  contained  the  General  Grant  Tree, 
second  only  in  size  and  age  to  the  patriarch  of  all,  the  General  Sherman  Tree. 

On  Sequoia’s  favored  slopes  grow  other  monsters,  also.  It  is  the  park  of 
big  trees  of  many  kinds;  and  it  is  the  park  of  birds. 

The  Sequoia  National  Park  is  the  gateway  to  one  of  the  grandest  scenic 
areas  in  this  or  any  other  land.  Over  its  borders  to  the  north  and  east  lies  a 
land  of  sublime  nobility  whose  wild  rivers  and  tortuous  canyons,  whose  glacier- 
carved  precipices  and  vast  snowy  summits  culminating  in  the  supreme  alti- 
tude of  Whitney,  will  make  it  some  day  surpassed  in  celebrity  by  none. 


THE  BIGGEST  THING  AEIVE 


Photograph  by  Lindley  Eddy 

The  General  Sherman  Tree 
The  largest  and  oldest  living  thing  in  all  the  world 


F the  1,156,000  se- 
quoias, young  and 
old,  which  form 
these  groves,  twelve 
thousand  exceed  ten  feet  in  di- 
ameter. Muir  states  that  a 
diameter  of  twenty  feet  and  a 
height  of  two  hundred  and 
seventy-five  is  perhaps  the 
average  for  mature  and  favor- 
ably situated  trees,  while  trees 
twenty-five  feet  in  diameter  and 
approaching  three  hundred  in 
height  are  not  rare. 

But  the  greatest  trees  have 
astonishing  dimensions: 

General  Sherman:  diameter, 
36.5  feet;  height,  279.9 

General  Grant:  diameter,  35 
feet;  height,  264  feet. 

Abraham  Lincoln:  diameter, 
31  feet;  height,  270  feet. 

California:  diameter,  30  feet; 
height,  260  feet. 

George  Washington;  diam- 
eter, 29  feet;  height,  255  feet. 

A little  effort  will  help  you 
realize  these  dimensions.  Meas- 
ure and  stake  in  front  of  a 
church  the  diameter  of  the  Gen- 
eral Sherman  Tree.  Then  stand 
back  a distance  equal  -to  the 
tree’s  height.  Raise  your  eyes 
slowly  and  imagine  this  huge 
trunk  rising  in  front  of  the 
church.  When  you  reach  a point 
in  the  sky  forty-five  degrees  up 
from  the  spot  on  which  you 
stand  you  will  have  the  tree’s 
height  were  it  growing  in  front 
of  your  church. 


THE  OLDEST  THING  ALIVE 


HE  General  Sherman 
Tree  is  the  oldest 
living  thing.  At  the 
birth  of  Moses  it 
was  probably  a sapling.  Its 
e.xact  age  cannot  be  determined 
without  counting  the  rings,  but 
it  is  probably  in  excess  of  thirty- 
five  hundred  years.  This  looks 
back  long  before  the  beginning 
of  human  history.  When  Christ 
was  born  it  was  a lusty  youth 
of  fifteen  hundred  summers. 

There  are  many  thousands 
of  trees  in  the  Sequoia  National 
Park  which  were  growing  thrift- 
ily when  Christ  was  born;  hun- 
dreds which  were  flourishing 
while  Babylon  was  in  its  prime; 
several  which  antedated  thepj'r- 
amids  on  the  Egyptian  desert. 

John  Muir  counted  four 
thousand  rings  on  one  prostrate 
giant.  This  tree  probabl}' 
sprouted  while  the  Tower  of 
Babel  was  still  standing. 

The  sequoia  is  regular  and 
symmetrical  in  general  form. 
Its  powerful,  stately  trunk  is 
purplish  to  cinnamon  brown 
and  rises  without  a branch  a 
hundred  or  a hundred  and  fiftj" 
feet — which  is  as  high  or  higher 
than  the  tops  of  most  forest 
trees.  Its  bulky  limbs  shoot 
boldly  out  on  every  side.  Its 
foliage,  the  most  feathery  and 
delicate  of  all  the  conifers,  is 
densely  massed. 

The  wood  is  almost  inde- 
structible except  by  fire. 


Photograph  by  JJ\  L.  Huber 

The  General  Grant  Tree 
Second  in  size  and  age  only  to  the  General  Sherman  Tree 


Photograph  by  George  F,  Belden 

OTHER 


“Deep  in  the  Woody  Wilderness” 

PEOPLE’S  SEQUOIAS 


T was  to  preserve  these  trees  from  destruction  that  Congress  cre- 
ated the  national  park  in  1890;  and  }ret,  with  the  one  exception 
of  the  General  Sherman  Tree,  the  greatest  trees  and  all  the  finest 
groups  of  greater  trees  in  the  Giant  Forest,  the  grove  of  largest 
trees,  are  not  the  property  of  the  nation  but  of  individuals.  The  park  was 
created  out  of  public  lands  without  provision  for  acquiring  the  private  hold- 
ings that  happened  to  he  within  its  boundaries. 

What  the  park’s  creation,  therefore,  has  done  for  most  of  the  oldest  and 
largest  sequoias  is  merely  to  make  it  unprofitable  to  cut  and  market  them. 

But  owners  cannot  be  expected  to  forego  profit  when,  with  the  park’s  in- 
evitably increasing  popularity,  these  holdings  acquire  earning  ability.  Once 
visitors  begin  to  throng  the  park,  no  law  can  prevent  the  fencing  of  th'ese  Big 
Tree  clumps  for  the  charging  of  admissions;  nor  can  the  public  welfare  control 
the  kind  and  appearance  of  the  hostelries  which  some  day  surely  will  be  built  be- 
neath some  of  our  greatest  sequoias,  nor  even  stop  the  raising  of  spiral  stairways 
round  their  great  trunks  to  lookouts  and  lunch  platforms  among  their  branches. 

The  time  has  come  for  public-spirited  citizens  to  combine  subscriptions  to 
save  them,  under  the  provision  of  the  Sundry  Civil  Act  of  March  3,  1915  (38 
U.  S.  Stat.  863),  which  authorizes  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  “to  accept 
patented  land  or  other  right  of  way  whether  over  patented  or  other  land  in 
the  Sequoia  National  Park  that  may  be  donated  for  park  purposes.” 


Photograph  by  Lindley  Eddy 


Vistas  of  the  Giant  Forest 
Many  of  these  trees  were  growing  thriftily  when  Christ  was  born 


Photograph  by  Lindley  Eddy 

Alta  Peak  from  Moro  Rock 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tibbilts 

Alta  Meadows  Near  the  Giant  Forest 


Photograph  by  Lindley  Eddy 

Sunset  from  the  Rim  of  Marble  Fork  Canyon 


Photograph  by  C.  H,  Hamilton 


The  Sierra  Club  in  Camp 


PhoU>i]raph  by  II.  C.  Tihhids 

The  Celebrated  Kings  River  Canyon 


Photograph  by  II.  C.  Tibbitts 

Kaweah  Peaks  Near  the  Canyon  of  the  Kern 


Photograph  hy  H.  C.  Tihhitts 

Middle  Fork  of  the  Kings  River 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tibbitts 

University  Peak  from  Kearsarge  Pass 


Photograph  by  Lindley  Eddy 


THE  FALT 

This  trunk  measures  288  feet.  Sequoia  wood  is  almost  indestruct  c 


N GIANT 

; by  fire.  This  tree  may  have  been  prostrate  for  many  centuries 


Photograph  by  C.  H.  Hamilton 

An  Aged  Juniper 

Sequoia  is  the  park  of  big  trees  of  many  kinds;  and  it  is  the  park  of  birds 


“THE  GREATER  SEQUOIA” 

NE  cannot  think  or  speak  of  the  Sequoia  National  Park  without 
including  the  extraordinary  scenic  country  lying  beyond  its  bound- 
aries to  the  north  and  east.  Not  that  there  is  much  in  common 
between  the  two,  for  the  park  marks  the  supremacy  of  forest  lux- 
uriance and  the  outlying  countr}^  the  supremacy  of  rock-sculptured  canyon 
and  snowy  summit. 

And  yet  there  is  the  common  note  of  supremacy,  each  of  its  own  kind. 

And  there  is  the  common  note  of  continuity,  for,  from  the  lowest  valley 
of  the  wooded  park  to  the  peak  of  our  loftiest  height.  Mount  Whitney,  na- 
ture’s painting  runs  the  gamut.  The  parts  are  indivisible;  to  separate  them 
is  to  cut  in  two  the  canvas  of  the  Master. 

And  so  it  is  that  those  who  know  this  land  of  exuberant  climax  have  come 
to  call  it  ‘‘The  Greater  Sequoia”  m order  to  express  not  the  part  limited  by 
the  park’s  official  title  but  the  whole  as  God  made  it. 

There  is  a bill  now  before  Congress  to  enlarge  the  park  boundaries  so  that 
the}^  shall  inclose  it  all. 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tibbitts 

The  Golden  Trout  Creek 

The  trout  caught  in  this  stream  are  brilliantly  golden.  They  are  found  nowhere  else  in  the  world  except 

where  transplanted  from  this  stream 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tibbitts 

Scene  on  Rock  Creek,  One  of  the  Finest  Trout  Streams  in  America 


Photograph  by  J.  N.  LeConte 

Tehipite  Dome,  3000  Feet  Sheer  Above  the  Kings  River 


KINGS  AND  KERN  CANYONS 


ELL  outside  the  park’s  boundaries  and  overlooking  it  from  the 
east,  the  amazing,  craggy  Sierra  gives  birth  in  glacial  chambers 
to  two  noble  rivers.  A hundred  thousand  rivulets  trickle  from 
the  everlasting  snows;  ten  thousand  resultant  brooks  roar  down 
the  rocky  slopes;  hundreds  of  resultant  streams  swell  their  turbulent,  trout- 
haunted  currents. 

One  of  these  rivers,  the  Kings,  flows  west,  paralleling  the  northern  boundarj^ 
of  the  park.  The  other,  the  Kern,  flows  south,  paralleling  its  eastern  boundary. 

The  Kings  River  Canyon  and  the  Canyon  of  the  Kern  are  practically 
matchless  for  the  wild  quality  of  their  beauty  and  the  majesty  of  their  setting. 
1 he  traveler  goes  home  to  plan  his  return,  for  this  is  a country  whose  peculiar 
charm  lays  an  enduring  clutch  upon  desire.  ^‘The  Greater  Sequoia”  has  few 
visitors  3^et — but  they  are  worshippers. 

Unlike  many  areas  of  extreme  rocky  character,  this  is  not  specially  difficult 
to  travel;  it  curiously  adapts  itself  to  trails.  It  is  an  ideal  land  for  the  camper. 

But  one  must  go  well  equipped.  There  must  be  good  guides,  good  horses, 
and  plenty  of  warm  clothing.  The  difference  here  between  a good  and  an  in- 
dift'erent  equipment  is  the  difference  between  satisfaction  and  misery. 


Photograph  by  C.  //.  Hamilton 

Army  Pass  in  July;  on  the  Crest  of  the  Sierra  About  Ten  Miles  South  of 

Mount  Whitney 


Photograph  by  H.  C.  Tibbitts 

Here  the  Sierra  Has  Massed  Her  Mountains;  Tumbled  Them  Wilfully, 
Recklessly,  Into  One  Titanic,  Sprawling  Heap 


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'J'he  Summit  of  Mount  Whitney,  Nearly  Three  Miles  High 


Photograph  by  Emerson  Hough 

Summit  of  Mount  Whitney.  The  Stone  Shelter  on  Mount  Whitney’s  Summit 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AT  A GLANCE 

Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation 
[Number,  14;  Total  Area,  7,290  Square  Miles] 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Dale 

LOCATION 

AREA 

in 

square 

miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

Hot  Springs  Reser- 
vation 

1832 

Middle 

•Arkansas 

iK 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties — Many  hotels 
and  boarding-houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Hot  Springs — 
bath-houses  under  public  control. 

Yellowstone 

1872 

North- 

western 

Wyoming 

00 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together — Boiling 
springs — Alud  volcanoes — Petrified  forests — Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring — 
Large  lakes — Many  large  streams  and  waterfalls — Vast 
wilderness  inhabited  by  deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope, 
bear,  mountain  sheep,  beaver,  etc.,  constituting  greatest 
wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world — Altitude  6,000  to 
11,000  feet — E.xceptional  trout  fishing. 

Yosemite 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

1,125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty — Lofty  cliffs — Romantic  vistas 
— Llany  waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height — 3 groves  of 
big  trees — High  Sierra — Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks — 
Waterwheel  falls — Good  trout  fishing. 

Sequoia 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

237 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park — 12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10  feet 
in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter — Towering 
mountain  ranges — Startling  precipices — Fine  trout  fishing. 

General  Grant 
1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter — six  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park  and 
under  same  management. 

Mount  Rainier 
1899 

West 

central 

Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system — 28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size — Forty-eight  square  miles  of  glacier, 
fifty  to  five  hundred  feet  thick — Remarkable  sub-alpine 
wild-flower  fields. 

Crater  Lake 
1902 

South- 

western 

Oregon 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
inlet,  no  outlet — Sides  1,000  feet  high — fnteresting  lava  for- 
mations— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Mesa  Verde 
1906 

South- 

western 

Colorado 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings  In 
LInited  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

Platt 

1906 

Southern 

Oklahoma 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties — • 
L’nder  Government  regulations. 

Glacier 

1910 

North- 

western 

Montana 

I.S34 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  Alpine  character — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty — 60  small  glaciers 
— Peaks  of  unusual  shape — Precipices  thousands  of  feet 
deep — Almost  sensational  scenery  of  marked  individuality 
— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Rocky  Mountain 
1915 

North 

middle 

Colorado 

3S8 

Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Sully’s  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1892,  Arizona 


V/ooded  hilly  tract  on  Devil’s  Lake. 
Large  natural  cavern. 

Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
I he  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the 
American  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National 
Parks  during  their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Trans- 
continental through  trams  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  For  schedules  and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  write  to  the 
Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the  above  map,  as  follows: 


Arizona  Eastern  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  --  --  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Atchison,  Topeka  & Santa  Fe  Railway  1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago  & North  Western  Railway  -------  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago,  Burlington  & Quincy  Railroad  Co.  - - - - 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Denver  & Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.  Equitable  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Great  Northern  Railway  - - - - - Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Gulf,  Colorado  & Santa  Fe  Railway  - --  --  --  --  - - Galveston,  Texas. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  Central  Station,  Chicago,  III. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  - Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  - - - - Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  & Salt  Lake  Railroad  - - - Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Southern  Pacific  Company  - Flood  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Union  Pacific  System  ------  Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  I'll. 

Wabash  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Railway  Exchange^  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  --  - Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 

Si. 

REMEMBER  THAT 

SEQUOIA  BELONGS  TO  YOU 

IT  IS  ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
EOR  WHOM  IT  IS  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

PRESS  OF  CHARLES  SCRIBNER’S  SONS,  NEW  YORK 


MOUNT 

RAINIER 

NATIONAL  PARK 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
I'ranklin  K.  Lane,  Secretary 


Photograph  by  Curtis  1:'  M tiler 


A Rippling  River  of  Ice  i.ooo  Feet  Thick  Flowing  from  the  Shining  Summit 
I.ooking  from  a wild-flower  slope  down  upon  the  celebrated  Nisqualh’  Glacier  and  up  at  Columbia  Crest 


Photograph  by  Curtis  ^ Miller 

Entrance  to  Mount  Rainier  National  Paric 

THE  FROZEN  OCTOPUS 

ROM  the  Cascade  Mountains  in  Washington  rises  a series  of  vol- 
canoes which  once  blazed  across  the  sea  like  giant  beacons.  To- 
day, tbeir  fires  quenched,  they  suggest  a stalwart  band  of  Knights 
of  the  Ages,  helmeted  in  snow,  armored  in  ice,  standing  at  parade 
upon  a carpet  patterned  gorgeously  in  wild  flowers. 

Easily  chief  of  this  knightly  band  is  Mount  Rainier,  a giant  towering 
14,408  feet  above  tide-water  in  Puget  Sound.  Home-bound  sailors  far  at  sea 
mend  their  courses  from  his  silver  summit. 

This  mountain  has  a glacier  system  far  e.xceeding  in  size  and  impressive 
beauty  that  of  any  other  in  the  United  States.  From  its  snow-covered  summit 
twenty-eight  rivers  of  ice  pour  slowly  down  its  sides.  Seen  upon  the  map, 
as  if  from  an  aeroplane,  one  thinks  of  it  as  an  enormous  frozen  octopus  stretch- 
ing icy  tentacles  down  upon  every  side  among  the  rich  gardens  of  wild  flowers 
and  splendid  forests  of  firs  and  cedars  below. 


Photograph  by  Cmtis  b Miller 

Above  Every  Curve  of  the  Paradise  Road  Looms  the  Great  White  Mountain 


Photograph  by  Curtis  ^ Miller 

From  Under  the  Shadowy  Firs  of  Van  Trump  Park  It  Glistens  Startlingly 


Photograph  by  Curtis  i3  Miller 

The  Two  Tahoma  Glaciers  May  Be  Seen  through  Their  Whole  Courses  from  Indian  Henry’s  Hunting  Ground 

The  Tahoma,  on  the  left,  begins  at  the  summit;  the  South  Tahoma  begins  in  the  cirque  just  below  Point  Success,  the  highest  point  shown  in  the  picture;  they  circle 

in  opposite  directions  around  rocky  Glacier  Island  and  join  in  the  foreground 


Photograph  by  Curtis  ^ Miller 

Everywhere,  between  and  Touching  the  Icy  Glacier  Fingers,  Are  Gorgeous  Gardens  oe  Luxuriant  Wild  Flowers 
As  if  Nature,  writes  John  Aluir,  glad  to  naakc  an  open  space  between  woods  so  dense  and  Ice  so  deep,  were  economizing  the  precious  ground” 


Photograph  by  Curtis  is  Millrr 

Looking  into  a Great  Crevasse  in  the  Stevens  Glacier 
Crevasses  are  caused  by  the  swifter  motion  of  the  middle  than  the  sides.  This  ice  is  i,ooo  feet  deep 


THE  GIANT  RIVERS  OE  ICE 


V^ERY  winter  the  moisture-laden  winds  from  the  Pacific,  suddenly 
cooled  against  its  summit,  deposit  upon  Rainier's  top  and  sides 
enormous  snows.  1 hese,  settling  m the  mile-wide  crater  which 
was  left  after  a great  explosion  in  some  prehistoric  age  carried 
awa)"  perhaps  two  thousand  feet  of  the  volcano's  former  height,  press  with 
oversvhelming  weight  down  the  mountain's  sloping  sides. 

Thus  are  born  the  glaciers,  for  the  snow  under  its  own  pressure  quickh' 
hardens  into  ice.  Through  twenn'-eight  vallevs  self-carved  in  the  solid  rock 
flow  these  rivers-  of  ice,  now  turning,  as  rivers  of  water  turn,  to  avoid  the 
harder  rock  strata,  now  roaring  over  precipices  like  congealed  water  falls, 
now  rippling,  like  water  currents,  over  rough  bottoms,  pushing,  pouring  re- 
lentlessly on  until  thev  reach  those  parts  of  their  courses  where  warmer  air 
turns  them  into  rivers  of  water. 

d here  are  forti'-eight  square  miles  of  these  glaciers. 


Plioloyraph  by  Curtis  1:"  Millrr 


Snout  of  Nisoually  Glacier  Where  the  Xisoually  River  Begins 
The  melting  begins  miles  up  under  the  ice,  Evcrv  gl.'icier,  like  tl'.c  Xisquallv,  end^  in  an  ice  cave 


Photograph  by  Curtis  Miller 

Close  to  the  Summit  of  Mount  Rainier 


Photograph  by  Curtis  Miller 


Leaving  Came  of  the  Clouds  for  the  Summit 

Nearly  every  day  parties  start  for  the  long  hard  tramp  up  the  glaciers  to  Columbia  Crest.  The  climbers 
must  dress  warmly,  paint  their  faces  and  hands  to  protect  the  skin  from  sunburn,  and  eat  sparingly. 
Dark  glasses  must  be  worn.  None  but  the  hardy  mountain  climbers  attempt  this  arduous  tramp 


IN  AN  ARCTIC  WONDERLAND 


UNT  RAINIER 
; nearly  three  miles 
igh  measured  from 
ea-level.  It  rises 
nearly  two  miles  from  its  im- 
mediate base.  Once  it  was  a 
finished  cone  like  the  famous 
Fujiyama,  the  sacred  mountain 
of  Japan.  Then  it  was  probably 
16,000  feet  high.  Indian  leg- 
ends tell  of  the  great  eruption 
which  blew  its  top  off. 

In  addition  to  the  twenty- 
eight  named  glaciers  there  are 
others  }^et  unnamed  and  little 
known.  Few  visitors  have 
seen  the  wonderful  north  side, 
a photograph  of  which  will  be 
found  on  a later  page.  It  pos- 
sesses endless  possibilities  for 
development  and  easy  grades  to 
Columbia  Crest,  the  wonderful 
snow-covered  summit  which,  un- 
til Mount  Whitney  was  meas- 
ured, was  considered  the  highest. 

Many  interesting  things 
might  be  told  of  the  glaciers 
were  there  space.  For  example, 
several  species  of  minute  insects 
live  111  the  ice,  hopping  about 
like  tiny  fleas.  They  are  harder 
to  see  than  the  so-called  sand- 
fleas  at  the  seashore  because 
much  smaller.  Slender,  dark- 
brown  worms  live  in  countless 
millions  in  the  surface  ice. 
Microscopic  rose-colored  plants 
also  thrive  in  such  great  num- 
bers that  they  tint  the  surface 
here  and  there,  making  what  is 
commonly  called  “red  snow.” 


Photograph  by  Curtis  ^ Miller 

Coasting  at  Paradise  Valley 


Fhotograph  by  Curtis  ^ Miller 

One  of  the  Great  Spectacles  of  America  Is  Mount  Rainier,  from  Indian  Henry’s  . 


NTiNG  Ground,  Glistening  Against  the  Sky  and  Pictured  Again  in  Reflection  Lake 


GLACIER  AND  WILD  FLOWER 


^^^^ROBABLY  no  glacier  of  large  size  in  the  world  is  so  quickly,  easiljq 
and  comfortably  reached  as  the  most  striking  and  celebrated, 
though  by  no  means  the  largest,  of  Mount  Rainier’s,  the  Nisqually 
^ Glacier.  It  descends  directl}'  south  from  the  snowy  summit  in  a 
long  curve,  its  lower  huger  reaching  into  park-like  glades  of  luxuriant  wild 
flowers.  From  Paradise  Valley  one  may  step  directly  upon  its  Assured  surface. 

The  Nisqually  Glacier  is  hve  miles  long  and,  at  Paradise  Valley,  is  half 
a mile  wide.  Glistening  white  and  faii'L  smooth  at  its  shining  source  on  the 
mountain’s  summit,  its  surface  here  is  soiled  with  dust  and  broken  stone  and 
squeezed  and  rent  by  terrible  pressure  into  fantastic  shapes.  Innumerable 
crevasses,  or  cracks  many  feet  deep,  break  across  it  caused  by  the  more  rapid 
movement  of  the  glacier’s  middle  than  its  edges;  for  glaciers,  like  rivers  of 
water,  develop  swifter  currents  nearer  midstream. 

Professor  Fe  Conte  tells  us  that  the  movement  of  Nisqually  Glacier  in  sum- 
mer averages,  at  midstream,  about  sixteen  inches  a day.  It  is  far  less  at  the 
margins,  its  speed  being  retarded  by  the  friction  of  the  sides. 

Like  all  glaciers,  the  Nisquall}^  gathers  on  its  surface  masses  of  rock  with 
which  it  strews  its  sides  just  as  rivers  of  water  strew  their  banks  with  logs  and 
floating  debris.  1 hese  are  called  lateral  moraines,  or  side  moraines.  Some- 
times glaciers  build  lateral  moraines  miles  long  and  over  a thousand  feet  high. 
The  Nisqually  ice  is  more  than  a thousand  feet  thick  in  places. 

The  rocks  which  are  carried  in  midstream  to  the  end  of  the  glacier  and 
dropped  when  the  ice  melts  are  called  the  terminal  moraine.  As  the  glacier  re- 
cedes the  terminal  moraine  stretches  into  an  ever  lengthening  medial  moraine. 

The  end,  or  snout,  of  the  glacier  thus  always  lies  among  a great  mass  of 
rocks  and  stones.  The  Nisqually  River  flows  from  a cave  in  the  end  of  the 
Nisqually  Glacier’s  snout,  for  the  melting  begins  several  miles  up-stream  under 
the  glacier.  The  river  is  milky  white  when  it  hrst  appears  because  it  carries 
sediment  and  powdered  rock  which,  however,  it  soon  deposits,  becoming  clear. 

But  this  brief  picture  of  the  Mount  Rainier  National  Park  would  miss  its 
loveliest  touch  without  some  notice  of  the  wild-flower  parks  lying  at  the  base, 
and  often  reaching  far  up  between  the  icy  Angers,  of  Mount  Rainier.  ■ 

“Above  the  forests,’’  writes  John  Muir,  the  celebrated  naturalist,  “there 
is  a zone  of  the  loveliest  flowers,  Afty  miles  in  circuit  and  nearly  two  miles 
wide,  so  closeL  planted  and  luxurious  that  it  seems  as  if  nature,  glad  to  make 
an  open  space  between  woods  so  dense  and  ice  so  deep,  were  economizing  the 
precious  ground  and  trying  to  see  how  many  of  her  darlings  she  can  get  to- 
gether in  one  mountain  wreath — daisies,  anemones,  columbine,  erythroniums, 
larkspurs,  etc.,  among  which  we  wade  knee-deep  and  waist-deep,  the  bright 
corollas  in  myriads  touching  petal  to  petal.  Altogether  this  is  the  richest 
subalplne  garden  I have  ever  found,  a perfect  flower  elysium.” 


Photograph  by  Cxirtis  ^ Miller. 

Mount  Baker  from  Mount  Rainier — a Hundred  and  Forty  Miles  Northward 


«»,l'  Z'  >'^  i,  « ' '^)>*> 


Copyrighted,  1903,  i-y  Jf'.  P.  Romans,  Seattle 

The  North  Slopes  of  Mount  Rainier  Are  Well  Adapted  to  Become  the  Health  and  Pleasure  Gardens  of  Many  Thousands 
The  superb  north  side  has  been  seen  bv  very  few  visitors  owing  to  its  inaccessibility,  but  the  Department  of  the  Interior  is  planning  its  development 


Photograph  by  Curtis  Millrr 

Beautiful  Paradise  Valley  Showing  the  Tatoosh  Ridge 


Photograph  by  Curtis  Miller 

Timber-Line  and  Flower  Fields  in  Beautiful  Paradise  Valley 


Photograph  by  Curtis  ^ Miller 

The  Mornings  Often  Roll  Tossing  Seas  of  Mist  into  the  Valleys,  from  Which  Emerge  at  Intervals  Craggy  Tops,  Glistening 

Glaciers,  and  Far-Distant  Mountain  Peaks 

This  photograph  was  taken  from  a height  at  Indian  Henry’s.  Mount  St.  Helens  is  lost  in  the  mists  forty  miles  away 


Photo'^raph  by  Curtis  '\S  MilUr  Photo:;raph  by  Curtis  b Miller 

Comet  Falls  Sluiskan  Falls 


Photograph  by  Curtis  iff  Miller 

The  Roads  Lead  to  the  Glaciers  through  Forests  of  Fir  and  Cedar 


Crater  Lake  (Unforteinately  Named)  a North-Side  Gem  of  Beauty 


Photograph  by  Curtis  l5  Miller 


The  Roads  Are  Admirable 


EASIEST  GLACIERS  TO  SEE 

IE  Mount  Rainier  National  Park  is  so  accessible  that  one  may 
get  a brief  close-by  glimpse  in  one  clay.  The  new  railroad  slogan, 
“Four  hours  from  Tacoma  to  the  Glaciers,”  tells  the  story. 

But  no  one  unless  under  dire  necessity  should  think  of  being  so 
near  one  of  the  greatest  spectacles  in  nature  without  sparing  several  days  for 
a real  look;  several  weeks  is  none  too  long.  Thousands  of  Americans  in  nor- 
mal years  go  to  Switzerland  to  see  glaciers  much  harder  to  reach  and  far  less 
satisfactory  to  study. 

An  excellent  road  will  carry  the  visitor  by  auto-stage  from  the  railway 
terminus  to  the  several  comfortable  hotels  and  camps,  most  of  which  are  so 
located  that  the  principal  scenic  points  on  the  south  side  may  be  easily  reached. 

Pedestrians  and  horseback  riders  also  follow  trails  through  the  gorgeous 
wild-Hower  parks.  Paradise  Valley,  Indian  Henry’s  Hunting  Ground,  Van 
Trump  Park,  Cowlitz  Park,  Ohanapecosh  River  and  its  hot  springs.  Summer- 
land,  Grand  Park,  Moraine  Park,  Elyslan  Fields,  Spray  Park,  Natural  Bridge, 
Cataract  Basin,  St.  Andrews  Park,  Glacier  Basin,  and  others;  developing  new 
points  of  view  of  wonderful  glory. 


Photograph  by  Curtis  U Miller 


National  Park  Inn 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AT  A GLANCE 

Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation 
[Number,  14;  Total  Area,  7,290  Square  Miles] 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

AREA 

in 

square 

miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

Hot  Springs  Reser- 
vation 
1832 

Middle 

Arkansas 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties — Many  hotels 
and  boarding-houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Hot  Springs — 
bath-houses  under  public  control. 

Yellowstone 

1872 

North- 

western 

Wyoming 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together — Boiling 
springs — Mud  volcanoes — Petrified  forests — Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring — 
Large  lakes — Many  large  streams  and  waterfalls — Vast 
wilderness  inhabited  by  deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope, 
bear,  mountain  sheep,  beaver,  etc.,  constituting  greatest 
wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world — Altitude  6,coo  to 
11,000  feet — Exceptional  trout  fishing. 

Yosemite 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty — Lofty  cliffs — Romantic  vistas 
— Many  waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height — 3 groves  of 
big  trees — High  Sierra — Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks — 
Waterwheel  falls — Good  trout  fishing. 

Sequoia 

i8go 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

237 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park — 12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10  feet 
in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter — Towering 
mountain  ranges — Startling  precipices — Fine  trout  fishing. 

General  Grant 
1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter — six  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park  and 
under  same  management. 

Mount  Rainier 
1899 

West 

central 

Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system — 28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size — Forty-eight  square  miles  of  glacier, 
fifty  to  five  hundred  feet  thick — Remarkable  sub-alpine 
wild-flower  fields. 

Crater  Lake 
1902 

South- 

western 

Oregon 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
inlet,  no  outlet — Sides  1,000  feet  high — Interesting  lava  for- 
mations— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Mesa  Verde 
1906 

South- 

western 

Colorado 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings  in 
United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

Platt 

1906 

Southern 

Oklahoma 

iK 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties — 
Under  Government  regulations. 

Glacier 

1910 

North- 

western 

Montana 

1,534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  Alpine  character — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty — 60  small  glaciers 
— Peaks  of  unusual  shape — Precipices  thousands  of  feet 
deep — Almost  sensational  scenery  of  marked  individuality 
— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Rocky  Mountain 
191S 

North 

middle 

Colorado 

358 

Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Sully’s  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devil’s  Lake. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1892,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


I he  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
1 he  traveler  may  work  o.ut  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the 
American  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  m visiting  the  National 
Parks  during  their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Trans- 
continental through  trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States,  f or  schedules  and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  write  to  the 
Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the  above  map,  as  follows: 


Arizona  Eastern  Railroad  ------------  - Tucson,  Ariz. 

Atchison,  Topeka  & Santa  Fe  Railway  -------  1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago  & North  Western  Railway  -------  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago,  Burlington  & Quincy  Railroad  Co.  - - - - 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Denver  & Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.  - - - - - - • - Equitable  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Great  Northern  Railway  -----  Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Gulf,  Colorado  & Santa  Fe  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Galveston,  Texas. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  - - Central  Station,  Chicago,  III. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  - Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  - - . . Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  & Salt  Lake  Railroad  - - - Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Southern  Pacific  Company  - --  --  --  --  Flood  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Union  Pacific  System  ------  Garland  BuiMing,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  Hit 

Wabash  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  - Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  witliin  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

MOUNT  RAINIER  BELONGS  TO  YOU 

IT  IS  ONE  OE  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OE  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  IT  IS  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


PRESS  OP  CHARLES  SCRIBNER’S  SONS,  NEW  YORK 


CRATER 

LAKE 

NATIONAL  PARK 


DEPARTMENT  OE  THE  INTERIOR 
Franklin  K.  Lane,  Si'cretarv 


Photografh  by  Fred  //.  Kiser,  Portland,  Orcii^on 

Looking  into  Its  Vast  Depths  Is  Like  Looking  into  the  Limitless  Sky 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cozvling 

The  Phantom  Ship — Stranded  On  a Magic  Shore 


THE  LAKE  OF  MYSTERY 


TER  LAKE  is  the  deepest  and  the  bluest  lake  in  the  world, 
measures  two  thousand  feet  of  solid  water,  and  the  intensitt' 
Its  color  is  unbelievable  even  while  you  look  at  it.  Its  cliffs 
mi  sky-line  to  surface  are  a thousand  feet  high.  It  has  no  in- 
ible  outlet,  for  it  occupies  the  hole  left  when,  in  the  dim  ages 
before  man,  a volcano  collapsed  and  disappeared  within  itself. 

It  is  a gem  of  wonderful  color  in  a setting  of  pearly  lavas  relieved  by  patches 
of  pine  green  and  snow  white — a gem  which  changes  hue  with  every  atmospheric 
change  and  every  shift  of  light. 

There  are  crater  lakes  m other  lands;  in  Italy,  for  instance,  in  Germany, 
India,  and  Hawaii.  The  one  lake  of  its  kind  in  the  LTnited  States  is  by  far 
the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  It  is  one  of  the  most  distinguished  spots 
in  a land  notable  for  the  nobility  and  distinction  of  its  scenery. 

Crater  Lake  lies  in  southern  Oregon.  The  volcano  whose  site  it  has 
usurped  was  one  of  a “noble  band  of  fire  mountains  which,  like  beacons,  once 
blazed  along  the  Pacific  Coast.”  Because  of  its  unique  character  and  quite 
extraordinary  beauty  it  was  made  a national  park  in  1902. 


“THE  SEA  OF  SILENCE” 


EARLY  every  visitor  to  Crater  Lake,  even  the  most  prosaic, 
describes  it  as  mysterious.  To  those  who  have  not  seen  it,  the 
adjective  is  difficult  to  analj'ze,  but  the  fact  remains. 

The  e.xplanation  mat'  he  m Crater  Lake’s  remarkable  color 
scheme.  1 he  infinite  range  of  grays,  silvers,  and  pearls  m the  carved  and 
fretted  lava  walls,  the  gleaming  white  of  occasional  snow  patches,  the  olives 
and  pine  greens  of  woods  and  mosses,  the  vivid,  cloud-flecked  azure  of  the 
sky,  and  the  lake’s  thousand  shades  of  blue,  from  the  brilliant  turquoise  of  its 
edges  to  the  black  blue  of  its  depths  of  deepest  shadow,  strike  into  silence 
the  least  impressionable  observers.  “The  Sea  of  Silence,’’  Joaquin  Miller 
calls  Crater  Lake. 

With  changing  conditions  of  sun  and  air,  this  amazing  spectacle  changes 
key  with  the  passing  hours;  and  it  is  hard  to  say  which  is  its  most  rapturous 
condition  ot  beaut}',  that  ot  cloudless  sunshine,  or  that  of  twilight  shadow; 
or  ot  what  intermediate  degree,  or  ot  storm  or  of  shower  or  of  moonlight  or 
of  starlight.  At  times,  the  scene  changes  magicall}'  while  you  watch. 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cozding 

Playing  a Three-Pound  Trout  from  the  Rocky  Shore 


PhotO'^raph  by  Frrd  II.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

A Poem  in  Grays  and  Greens  and  Unbelievable  Blues 


Photograph  by  Fred  H . Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

Cliffs  of  a Thousand  Pearly  Hues  Fantastically  Carved 


View  from  Crater  Lake  Lodge  Across  the  End  of  the  Lake  Westward  of  Wizard  Island 


Sea  Level 


STORY  OF  MOUNT  MAZAMA 


were  manj^  noble  volcanoes  in  the  range:  Mount  Baker,  Mount  Rainier, 

Mount  Adams,  Mount  St.  Helens,  Aloiint  Mazama,  Adount  Hood,  Adount 
Shasta.  Once  their  vomitings  built  the  great  Cascade  Adountams.  To-day, 
cold  and  silent,  they  stand  wrapped  in  shining  armor  of  ice. 

But  not  all.  One  is  missing.  Where  Mount  Mazama  reared  his  noble 
head,  there  is  nothing — until  you  climb  the  slopes  once  his  foothills,  and  gaze 
spellbound  over  the  broken  lava  cliffs  into  the  lake  which  lies  magicall}'  where 
once  he  stood.  The  story  of  the  undoing  of  Mount  Adazama,  of  the  birth  of 
this  wonder  lake,  is  one  of  the  great  stories  of  the  earth. 

Mount  Mazama  fell  into  itself.  It  is  as  if  some  vast  cavern  formed  in 
the  earth’s  seething  interior  into  which  the  entire  volcano  suddenly  slipped. 
The  imagination  of  Dore  might  have  reproduced  some  hint  of  the  titanic 
spectacle  ol  the  disappearance  of  a mountain  fifteen  thousand  feet  m height. 

When  Mount  Mazama  collapsed  into  this  vast  hole,  leaving  clean  cut  the 
edges  which  to-day  are  Crater  Lake’s  surrounding  cliffs,  there  was  instantly 
a surging  back.  The  crumbling  lavas  were  forced  again  up  the  huge  chimnev. 

But  not  all  the  way.  The  vent  became  jammed.  In  three  spots  only  did 
the  fires  emerge  again.  Three  small  volcanoes  formed  in  the  hollow. 

But  these  in  turn  soon  choked  and  cooled.  During  succeeding  ages 
springs  poured  their  waters  into  the  vast  cavity,  and  Crater  Lake  was  born. 
Its  rising  waters  covered  two  of  the  small  volcanic  cones.  The  third  still 
emerges.  It  is  called  Wizard  Island. 


EW  of  the  astonishing  pictures  which  geology  has  restored  for  us 
of  this  world  m its  making  are  so  startling  as  that  of  Alount 
Alazama,  which  once  reared  a smoking  peak  many  thousands  of 
feet  above  the  present  peaceful  level  of  Crater  Lake.  There 


Scott  Pb, 


Photograph  by  Fred  //.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

Sunset 


THE  LEGEND  OE  LLAO 


CCORDING  to  the  legend  ol  the  Klamath  and  Modoc  Indians 
the  mystic  land  of  Gaywas  was  the  home  of  the  great  god  Liao. 
His  throne  m the  infinite  depths  of  the  blue  waters  was  sur- 
rounded by  his  warriors,  giant  crawfish  able  to  lift  great  claws 
water  and  seize  too  venturesome  enemies  on  the  cliff  tops. 

War  broke  out  with  Shell,  the  god  of  the  neighboring  Klamath  Marshes. 
Shell  was  captured  and  his  heart  used  for  a ball  by  Liao’s  monsters.  But 
an  eagle,  one  of  Shell’s  servants,  captured  it  m flight,  and  a deer,  another  of 
Shell’s  servants,  escaped  with  it;  and  Shell’s  body  grew  again  around  his  liv- 
ing heart.  Once  more  he  was  powerful,  and  once  more  he  waged  war  against 
the  God  of  the  Lake. 

Then  Liao  was  captured;  but  he  was  not  so  fortunate.  Upon  the  highest 
cliff  his  body  was  torn  into  fragments  and  cast  into  the  lake,  and  eaten  by 
his  own  monsters  under  the  belief  that  it  v/as  Shell’s  body.  But  when  Liao’s 
head  was  thrown  in,  the  monsters  recognized  it  and  would  not  eat  it. 

Liao’s  head  still  lies  in  the  lake,  and  white  men  call  it  Wizard  Island. 
And  the  cliff  where  Liao  was  torn  to  pieces  is  named  Liao  Rock. 


Photograph  by  Fred  H . Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

Often  the  Trees  Are  as  Gnarled  and  Knotted  as  the  Cliffs  They  Grow  On 


Photograph  by  //.  T.  Cou’/ing  -r  n r>  c 

General  View  Across  Crater  Lake  Near  Sentinel  Rock:,  Showinch 
These  cliffs  vary  from  a thousand  to  twelve  hundred  feet  high,  occasionally  rising  to  two  thousand  feet  cjn 


HE  Northern  Shore  Line,  with  Red  Cove  in  the  Middle  Distance 

ore.  The  first  eflfect  of  a view  across  the  lake  is  to  fill  the  observer  with  awe  and  a deep  sense  of  mystery 


Pliotof^rupli  hy  II.  7'.  Co:rliUi^ 

Looking  Down  into  the  Crater  of  Wizard  Dland 

VIEWED  EROM  THE  RIM 


E\  ERAL  daj's  maj^  profitabl}^  be  spent  upon  the  rim  of  the  lake 
which  one  may  travel  afoot  or  on  horseback.  The  endless  vari- 
etjT  of  lava  formations  and  of  color  variation  may  be  here  studied 
to  the  best  advantage. 

The  temperature  of  the  water  has  been  the  subject  of  much  investigation. 
The  average  observations  of  3"ears  show  that,  whatever  may  be  the  surface 
variations,  the  temperature  of  the  water  below  a depth  of  three  hundred  feet 
continues  approximately  39  degrees  the  year  around.  This  disposes  of  the 
theory  that  the  depths  of  the  lake  are  affected  by  volcanic  heat. 

“Apart  from  its  attractive  scenic  features,”  writes  J.  S.  Diller  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey,  “Crater  Lake  affords  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  instructive  fields  for  the  studj^  of  volcanic  geology  to  be  found  anywhere 
in  the  world.  Considered  in  all  its  aspects,  it  ranks  with  the  Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Colorado,  the  Yosemite  Valley,  and  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  but  with  an 
individuality  that  is  superlative.” 


Photograph  by  Fred  II.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

Sand  Creek,  Showing  Pinnacles  Resulting  from  Erosion 


Llao  Rock,  Named  after  the  God  Whom  the  Indians  Believe  Lived  in  the  Lake’s  Mighty  Depths 


Closer  \'iew  oe  Llao  Kock,  Which,  with  the  Picture  Opposite,  Strongly  Suggests  Crater  Lake’s  Atmosphere  oe  Mistery 


THE  MINE  OF  BEAUTY 

RAIER  LAKE  is  seen  m its  glory  from  a launch.  One  ma}^  float 
tor  days  upon  its  surface  without  sating  one’s  sense  of  delighted 
surprise;  for  all  is  new  again  with  every  change  of  light.  The 
Phantom  Ship,  for  instance,  sometimes  wholly  disappears.  Now 
It  IS  there,  and  a few  minutes  after,  with  new  slants  of  light,  it  is  gone — a 
phantom  indeed.  So  it  is  with  many  headlands  and  ghostlike  palisades. 

1 his  lake  was  not  discovered  until  1853.  Eleven  Californians  had  under- 
taken once  more  the  search  for  the  famous,  perhaps  fabulous,  Lost  Cabin  Mine, 
for  many  years  parties  had  been  searching  the  Cascades;  again  they  had 
come  into  the  Klamath  region.  With  ;dl  their  secrecy  their  object  became 
known,  and  a party  of  Oregonians  was  hastily  organized  to  stalk  them  and 


Photograph  by  Fred  II.  Kiser 

Thk  Favorite  Way  to  See  the  Sculptured  Cliffs  Is  from  a Motor-Boat 


share  their  find.  The  Cahtornians 
discovered  the  pursuit  and  divided 
their  party.  The  Oregonians  did 
the  same.  It  became  a game  of 
hide-and-seek.  When  provisions 
were  nearly  exhausted  and  mam" 
of  both  parties  had  deserted,  they 
joined  forces. 

“Suddenly  we  came  in  sight 
of  water,”  writes  J.  W.  Hillman, 
then  the  leader  of  the  combined 
party;  “we  were  much  surprised, 
as  we  did  not  expect  to  see  ant" 
lakes  and  did  not  know  but  that 
we  had  come  in  sight  of  and  close 
to  Klamath  Lake.  Not  until  im' 
mule  stopped  within  a few  feet 
of  the  rim  of  Crater  Lake  did  I 
look  down,  and  if  I had  been  rid- 
ing a blind  mule  I firml}^  believe 
I would  have  ridden  over  the  edge 
to  death.” 

It  is  interesting  that  the  dis- 
coverers quarrelled  on  the  choice 
of  a namie,  dividing  between  M}"s- 
terious  Lake  and  Deep  Blue  Lake. 

The  advocates  of  Deep  Blue  Lake 
won  the  vote,  but  in  1869  a visit- 
ing part}/'  from  Jacksonville  re- 
named It  Crater  Lake,  and  this, 
b}/  natural  right,  became  its  title. 

UNUSUAL  FISHING 

This  magnificent  bod}"  of  cold 
fresh  water  originall}/  contained 
no  fish  of  an}"  kind.  A small  crus- 
tacean was  found  m its  waters  in 
large  numbers,  the  suggestion,  no 
doubt,  upon  which  was  founded 
the  Indian  legend  of  the  gigantic 
crawfish  which  formed  the  body- 
guard of  the  great  god  Liao.  Trout  Run  from  One  to  Six  Pounds 


Photograph  by  Fred  H . Kiser 


In  1888  Will  G.  Steel  brought  trout  fry  from  a ranch  fort}^  miles  away, 
hut  no  lish  were  seen  in  the  lake  for  more  than  a dozen  years.  Then  a few 
were  taken,  one  of  which  was  fully  thirt}"  inches  long. 

Since  then  trout  have  been  taken  in  ever-increasing  numbers.  They  are  best 
caught  by  fly  casting  from  the  shore.  For  this  reason  the  fishing  is  not  always 
the  easiest.  Often  the  slopes  are  not  propitious  for  casting.  One  has  to  climb 
upon  outl3fing  rocks  to  reach  the  waters  of  best  depth.  But  the  results 
usuallt'  justify  the  effort.  The  trout  range  from  one  to  ten  pounds  in  weight. 

Anglers  of  experience  in 
western  fishing  testify 
that,  pound  for  pound, 
the  rainbow  trout  taken 
m the  cold  deep  waters  of 
Crater  Lake  are  the  hard- 
est-fighting trout  of  all. 

Many  fish  are  also 
taken  from  rowboats. 
A trolling  spoon  will 
often  lure  large  fish. 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cowling 

Camping  Out  Back  of  the  Rim 


HOTELS  AND 
CAMPS 

Partly  because  it  is 
off  the  main  line  of  trav- 
el, but  chiefly  because 
its  unique  attractions 
are  not  yet  well  known. 
Crater  Lake  has  been 
seen  by  comparatively 
few.  Under  concession 
from  the  Department  of 
the  Interior,  a comfort- 
able camp  is  operated 
five  miles  from  the  lake, 
and  a newly  completed 
hotel  and  camp  on  the 
lake’s  rim.  The  hotel 
is  built  of  the  stone  of 
the  neighborhood  and  is 
fully  equipped  with 
baths.  Tents  may  be 
had  for  those  who  prefer 
camping. 


Photograph  by  II.  T.  Cozding 

At  the  Foot  of  the  Trail  from  Crater  Lake  Lodge 


5^' 


SfrS 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections, 
d he  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the 
American  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National 
Parks  during  their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Trans- 
continental through  trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  For  schedules  and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  write  to  the 
Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the  above  map,  as  follows: 


Arizona  Eastern  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  --  --  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Atchison,  Topeka  & Santa  Fe  Railway  ii  19  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago.  111. 

Chicago  & North  Western  Railway  -------  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Burlington  & Quincy  Railroad  Co.  - - . - 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway - Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  III. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Denver  & Rio  Grande  Railroad  C'o.  Equitable  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Great  Northern  Railway  -----  Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  Sr.  Paul,  Minn. 

Gulf,  Colorado  & Santa  Fe  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Galveston,  Texas. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  - Central  Station,  Chicago,  III. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  - - Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  . _ _ _ Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

San  Pedro,  Los  .Angeles  Sc  Salt  Lake  Railroad  - - - Pacific  Fdlectric  Building.  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Southern  Pacific  Company  - - Flood  Buildin.g,  San  Francisco,  C*alif. 

Union  Pacific  System  ------  Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

Wabash  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Rail  ,ay  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  - Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 

REMEMBER  THAT 

CRATER  LAKE  BELONGS  TO  YOU 

IT  IS  ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  IT  IS  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


PRESS  OP  CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS.  NEW  YORK 


THE 

MESA  VERDE 

NATIONAL  PARK 


DEPARTMENT  OE  THE  INTERIOR 
Franklin  K.  Lane,  Secretary 


Government  Road  to  the  Celebrated  Prehistoric  Ruins 
Showing  the  woods  which  justify  the  title  Mesa  Verde  (Green  Mesa) 


Yesterday  and  To-Day 

CITIES  OF  THE  PAST 


JNE  December  day  in  1888  Richard  and  Alfred  Wetherell,  searching 
for  lost  cattle  on  the  Mesa  Verde,  near  their  home  at  Mancos, 
Colorado,  pushed  through  dense  growths  on  the  edge  of  a deep 
canyon  and  shouted  aloud  in  astonishment.  Across  the  canyon, 
tucked  into  a shelf  under  the  overhanging  edge  of  the  opposite  brink,  were  the 
walls  and  towers  of  what  seemed  to  them  a palace.  They  named  it  Cliff  Palace. 

Forgetting  the  cattle  in  their  excitement,  they  searched  the  edge  of  the 
mesa  in  all  directions.  Near  by,  under  the  overhanging  edge  of  another  can- 
yon, they  found  a similar  group,  no  less  majestic,  which  the)'  named  Spruce 
Tree  House  because  a large  spruce  grew  out  of  the  rums. 

Thus  was  discovered  the  m.ost  elaborate  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  ruins 
in  America,  if  not  in  the  world. 

A careful  search  of  the  entire  Mesa  Verde  in  the  years  following  has  resulted 
in  many  other  finds  of  interest  and  importance.  In  1906  Congress  set  aside 
the  region  as  a national  park.  Even  yet  its  treasures  of  antiquit)^  are  not  all 
known.  A remarkable  temple  to  the  sun  was  unearthed  in  1915. 


Photograph  by  J.  L.  Nusbauni 

The  Mesa  Verde,  or  Green  Mesa,  Is  So  Called  Because  Covered  with  Cedar  and  Pinvon  .Trees  in  a Land  Where  Trees  Are  Few 


Photograph  by  J.  L.  Nusbaum 

Above  the  Broken  Rocks,  or  Talus,  Rise  Precipitously  the  Clifts  Under  Whose  Overhang  the  Cliff  Dwellings  Nestle 


The  Exploration  of  Newly  Discovered  Ruins  Often  Requires  Much  Hard  and 

Even  Perilous  Climbing 


Photograph  by  Mrs.  C.  R.  Miller 

Many  Gathered  Nightly  Around  the  Campfire  to  Hear  Dr.  Fewk.es  Tell  the 

Story  of  the  Ancient  People 

THE  STORY  OF  THE  MESAS 

HOSE  who  have  travelled  through  our  Southwestern  States  have 
seen  from  the  car  window  innunierahle  mesas  or  isolated  plateaus 
rising  abruptly  for  hundreds  of  feet  from  the  hare  and  often  arid 
plains.  The  word  mesa  is  Spanish  for  table. 

Once  the  level  of  these  mesa  tops  was  the  level  of  all  of  this  vast  South- 
western countiy,  but  the  rams  and  floods  of  centuries  have  washed  away  the 
softer  earths  down  to  its  present  level,  leaving  standing  onl\'  the  rock}''  spots 
or  those  so  covered  with  surface  rocks  that  the  rams  could  not  reach  the  softer 
gravel  underneath. 

1 he  Mesa  Verde,  or  green  mesa  (because  it  is  covered  with  stunted  cedar 
and  pinyon  trees  in  a land  where  trees  are  few),  is  perhaps  most  widel\^  known. 

The  Mesa  Verde  is  one  of  the  largest  mesas.  It  is  fifteen  miles  long  and 
eight  miles  wide.  At  its  foot  are  masses  of  broken  rocks  rising  from  three  hun- 
dred to  five  hundred  feet  above  the  bare  plains.  Above  these  rise  the  cliffs. 

The  cliff  dwellings  nestle  under  its  overhanging  cliffs  near  the  top. 


IN  THE  CLIFF  DWELLINGS 

KE  must  liave  been  difficult  in  this  dry  country  when  the  Mesa 
Verde  connnunities  flourished  in  the  sides  of  these  sandstone  cliffs. 
Game  was  scarce  and  hunting  arduous.  The  Adancos  River  yielded 
a few  fish.  The  earth  contrihuted  herries  or  nuts.  Water  was 
rare  and  found  only  in  sequestered  places  near  the  heads  of  the  canyons.  Nev- 
ertheless, the  mhahitants  cultivated  their  farms  and  raised  their  corn,  which 
they  ground  on  flat  stones  called  metates.  They  haked  their  bread  on  flat 
stone  griddles.  They  boded  their  meat  in  well-made  vessels,  some  of  which 
were  artistically  decorated. 

d'heir  life  was  difficult,  hut  confidently  did  they  believe  that  they  were 
dependent  upon  the  gods  to  make  the  rain  fall  and  the  corn  grow.  They 
were  a religious  people  who  worshipped  the  sun  as  the  father  of  all  and  the 
earth  as  the  mother  who  hrought  them  all  their  material  blessings.  They  pos- 
sessed no  written  language  and  could  only  record  their  thoughts  h}-"  a few  S3mi- 
hols  which  they  painted  on  their  earthenware  jars  or  scratched  on  the  rocks. 

As  their  sense  of  beauty  was  keen,  their  art,  though  primitive,  was  true; 
rarely  realistic,  generally  symbolic.  Their  decoration  of  cotton  fabrics  and 
ceramic  work  might  he  called  beautiful,  even  when  judged  by  the  highly  devel- 
oped taste  of  to-dat^.  They  fashioned  axes,  spear  points,  and  rude  tools  of 
stone;  they  wove  sandals  and  made  attractive  basketry. 

I hey  were  not  content  with  rude  buildings  and  had  long  outgrown  the 
caves  that  satisfied  less  civilized  Indians  farther  north  and  south  of  them. 

I'he  photographs  of  Cliff'  Palace  on  the  following  three  pages  will  show  not 
only  the  protection  afforded  by  the  overhanging  cliffs  hut  the  general  scheme 
of  community  living. 

The  population  was  composed  of  a series  of  units,  possibl}'  clans,  each  of 
which  had  its  own  social  organization  more  or  less  distinct  from  the  others. 
Each  had  ceremonial  rooms,  called  kivas.  Each  also  had  living-rooms  and 
storerooms.  There  were  twenty-three  social  units  or  clans  in  Cliff  Palace. 

The  kivas  were  the  rooms  where  the  men  spent  most  of  the  time  devoted 
to  ceremonies,  councils,  and  other  gatherings.  I he  religious  fraternities  were 
limited  to  the  men  of  a clan. 


Cliff  Palace  Is  the  Most  Celebrated  of  the  Mesa  Verde  Ruins  Because  Ir  Is  the 

Largest  and  Most  Prominent 


Terraces  at  the  Southern  End  of  Cliff  Palacf, 


Photograph  by  Arthur  Chapman 

The  Square  Tower  of  Cliff  Palace 


Photograph  by  Arthur  Chapmaji 


The  Round  Tower  of  Cliff  Palace 


Excavating  Sun  Temple  on  Top  c 

Sun  Temple,  discovered  in  the  summer  of  1915,  marks  a far  advance  toward  civilization.  Its  masonry  sho' 

Mesa  Verde’ 


PHE  Mesa  Opposite  Cliff  Palace 

;rowth  in  constructive  principles.  Its  walls  are  embellished  with  carvings.  Architecturally  it  represents 
ghest  type 


DISCOVERY  OF  SUN  TEMPLE 


Constructive  Detail  or  South  Wall,  Sun  Temple 


NTIL  the  summer  of  1915  no  structures  had  been  discovered  in 
the  Mesa  Verde  except  those  of  the  cliff-dwelhng  type.  Then  the 
Department  of  the  Interior  explored  a mound  on  the  top  of  the 
mesa  opposite  Clift'  Palace  and  unearthed  Sun  Temple.  Dr.  J. 
WYlter  Fewkes,  who  conducted  the  exploration,  believes  that  this  was  built 
about  1300  A.  D.  and  marks  the  final  stage  in  Mesa  Verde  development. 

Sun  Temple  was  a most  important  discovery.  It  marked  a long  advance 
toward  civilization.  It  occupied  a commanding  position  convenient  to  many 
large  inhabited  clift'  dwellings.  Its  masonry  showed  growth  in  the  art  of  con- 
struction. Its  walls  were  embellished  by  geometrical  figures  carved  in  rock. 

A fossil  palm  leaf,  which  the  Cliff  Dwellers  supposed  to  be  a divinely 
carved  image  of  the  sun,  is  embedded  in  the  temple’s  walls. 


Drawing  Showing  Constructive  Detail  of  Suis[  Te;mple 


Stones  from  Sun  Temple  Covered  with  Geometrical  and  Emblematical  Designs 

THE  MESA’S  LITTLE  PEOPLE 

NDIANS  of  to-da}"  shun  the  ruins  of  the  Mesa  Verde.  Thej^  be- 
lieve them  inhabited  by  spirits  whom  they  call  the  Little  People. 
It  is  vain  to  tell  them  that  the  Little  People  were  their  own  an- 
cestors; they  refuse  to  believe  it. 

When  the  national  park  telephone  line  was  building  in  1915  the  Indians 
were  greatly  excited.  Coming  to  the  Supervisor’s  office  to  trade,  they  shook 
their  heads  ominously. 

The  poles  wouldn’t  stand  up,  thej^  declared.  Why  Because  the  Little 
People  wouldn’t  like  such  an  uncanny  thing  as  a telephone. 

But  poles  were  standing,  the  Supervisor  pointed  out.  All  right,  the  Indians 
replied,  but  wait.  The  wires  wouldn’t  talk.  Little  People  wouldn’t  like  it. 

The  poles  were  hnally  all  in  and  the  wires  strung.  What  was  more,  the 
wires  actually  did  talk  and  are  still  talking. 

Never  mind,  say  the  Indians,  with  unshaken  faith.  Never  mind.  Wait. 
That’s  all.  It  will  come.  The  Little  People  may  stand  it — for  a while.  But 
wait.  The  Supervisor  is  still  waiting. 


Spruce  Tree  House  Hides  Under  a Huge  Overhanging  Cliff 


THE  PRINCIPAL  DWELLINGS 

LIFF  PALACE  is  the  most  celebrated  of  the  Mesa  Verde  ruins 
because  it  is  the  largest  and  most  prominent.  Others  are  no  less 
interesting  and  important.  Spruce  Tree  Flouse  is  next  in  size; 
Balcony  House  and  Peabodj^  House  are  equally  well  preserved. 
1 here  are  many  others;  some  which  have  j'et  to  be  thoroughly  explored;  prob- 
abl}^  some  still  undiscovered. 

Cliff  Palace  is  three  hundred  feet  long;  Spruce  Tree  House  two  hundred  and 
sixteen.  Cliff  Palace  contained  probahl}^  two  hundred  rooms;  Spruce  Tree 
House  a hundred  and  fourteen.  Spruce  Tree  House  originally  had  three  stories. 
Its  population  was  probably  three  hundred  and  hfty. 

The  Round  Tower  m Cliff  Palace  is  an  object  of  unusual  interest,  but  the 
ceremonial  kivas,  or  religious  rooms,  in  all  the  communities  are  usually  round 
and  often  were  entered  from  below. 

A subterranean  entrance  to  Cliff  Palace  was  recently  discovered. 


Entrance  to  Lower  Floors,  Spruce  Tree  House 


Photograph  by  Arthur  Chapman 

Spruce  Tree  House  After  Restoration  dy  Dr.  Fewk.es 


Photograph  by  Mrs.  C.  R.  Miller 


Photographing  One  or  the  Rooms  at  Balcony  House 


Photographs  by  J.  L.  Nusbaum 


Typical  Skulls  of  Prehistoric  Man  Found  in  the  Mesa  Verde 

These  skulls  show  an  unusual  breadth  as  compared  with  Indians  of  to-day,  though  of  the  same  ethnological 
type.  Xordenskiold  concludes  that  the  race  was  fairly  robust,  with  heavy  skeletons  and  strong 
muscular  processes.  The  facial  bones  are  well  developed  and  lower  jaw  heavy 


SUMMER  UPON  MESA  VERDE 


ESA  VERDE  NATIONAL  PARK  is  in  the  extreme  southwestern 
corner  of  Colorado  and  is  reached  by  two  routes  from  Denver.  A 
night  IS  usuall}"  spent  en  route,  and  the  rums  are  reached  by 
wagon,  horseback,  or  automobile  from  Mancos. 

Apart  from  the  ruins,  the  country  is  one  of  much  beauty  and  interest.  The 
highest  spot  on  the  Mesa  is  Point  Lookout,  8,428  feet  m altitude.  The  mesa’s 
western  edge  is  a fine  bluff  two  thousand  feet  above  the  Montezuma  Valley 
whose  irrigation  lakes  and  brilliantly  green  fields  are  set  off  nobly  against  the 
distant  Rico  Mountains.  To  the  west  are  the  La  Salle  and  Blue  Mountains 
m Utah,  with  Ute  Mountain  m the  immediate  foreground. 

The  views  are  inspiring,  the  entire  country  “different.”  In  the  spring  the  en- 
tire region  blooms.  It  used  to  be  a country  of  wild  animals  and  at  times  deer  are 
still  plentiful.  There  is  a thoroughly  comfortable  hotel  near  Spruce  Tree  House. 

One  of  the  unusual  attractions  of  last  summer  was  the  unearthing  of  the 
great  mound  which  covered  Sun  Temple.  Dr.  Fewkes  maintained  a camp  near 
the  mound  and  lectured  almost  nightly  to  those  who  gathered  around  his  camp- 
fire. The  same  informal  custom  will  probably  be  resumed  during  this  and  suc- 
ceeding summers  while  the  exploration  of  other  suggestive  mounds  . is  progressing. 


Ihe  Frail  to  Balcony  House  The  Entrance  to  Balcony  House 


Balcony  House  Is  One  of  the  Most  Interesting  and  Best  Preserved 


The  Interior  of  a Sacred  Kiva 


Photograph  by  Mrs.  C.  R-  Miller 

Stone  Chairs  Found  at  the  Cliff  Palace 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AT  A GLANCE 

Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation 
[Number,  14;  Total  Area,  7,290  Square  Miles] 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

AREA 

in 

square 

miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

Hot  Springs  Reser- 
vation 
1832 

Middle 

Arkansas 

lyi 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties — Many  hotels 
and  boarding-houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Hot  Springs — 
bath-houses  under  public  control. 

Yellowstone 

1872 

North- 

western 

Wyoming 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together — Boiling 
springs — Mud  volcanoes — Petrified  forests — Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring — 
Large  lakes — Many  large  streams  and  waterfalls — Vast 
wilderness  inhabited  by  deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope, 
bear,  mountain  sheep,  beaver,  etc.,  constituting  greatest 
wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world — Altitude  6,000  to 
11,000  feet — Exceptional  trout  fishing. 

Yosemite 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

1,125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty — Lofty  cliffs — Romantic  vistas 
— Many  waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height — 3 groves  of 
big  trees — High  Sierra — Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks — 
Waterwheel  falls — Good  trout  fishing. 

Sequoia 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

237 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park — 12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10  feet 
in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter — Towering 
mountain  ranges — Startling  precipices — Fine  trout  fishing. 

General  Grant 
1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter — six  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park  and 
under  same  management. 

Mount  Rainier 
1899 

West 

central 

Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system — 28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size — Forty-eight  square  miles  of  glacier, 
fifty  to  five  hundred  feet  thick — Remarkable  sub-alpine 
wild-flower  fields. 

Crater  Lake 
1902 

South- 

western 

Oregon 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
inlet,  no  outlet — Sides  1,000  feet  high — Interesting  lava  for- 
mations— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Mesa  Verde 
1906 

South- 

western 

Colorado 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings  in 
L’nited  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

Platt 

1906 

Southern 

Oklahoma 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties — 
Under  Government  regulations. 

Glacier 

1910 

North- 

western 

Montana 

1. 534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  Alpine  character — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty — 60  small  glaciers 
— Peaks  of  unusual  shape — Precipices  thousands  of  feet 
deep — Almost  sensational  scenery  of  marked  individuality 
— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Rocky  Mountain 

191S 

North 

middle 

Colorado 

358 

Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are; 

Sully’s  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devil’s  Lake. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1892,  Arkona,  , , Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  the  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
1 he  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the 
American  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National 
Parks  during  their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Trans- 
continental through  trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  For  schedules  and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  write  to  the 
Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the  above  map,  as  follows: 


Arizona  Eastern  Railroad  - - - - Tucson,  Arlz. 

Atchison,  Topeka  & Santa  Fe  Railway  ------  -iiigRailway  Exchange,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago  & North  Western  Railway  -------  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Burlington  Sc  Quincy  Railroad  Co.  - - - - 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Denver  & Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.  Equitable  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Great  Northern  Railway  -----  Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Gulf,  Colorado  & Santa  Fe  Railway  - --  --  --  --  - - Galveston,  Texas. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  Central  Station,  Chicago,  111. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  - Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  - - - - Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Mina. 

San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  & Salt  Lake  Railroad  - - - Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Southern  Pacific  Company  - - Flood  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Union  Pacific  System  ------  Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

Wabash  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  --  - Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

MESA  VERDE  BELONGS  TO  YOU 

IT  IS  ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  IT  IS  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


PRESS  OF  CHARLES  SCRIBNER’S  SONS,  NEW  YORK 


GLACI  E 

R 

NATIONAL 

PARK 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 
Franklin  K.  Lane,  Secretary 

Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiser y Portland.  Oregon 

The  Supreme  Glory  of  the  Glacier  National  Parr  Is  Its  Lakes 
A glimpse  of  beautiful  St.  Mary  Lake  and  Going-to-the-Sun  Mountain 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cocvlhig 

St.  Mary  Chalet,  Typical  of  Glacier  Architecture 


AN  ALPINE  PARADISE 


OTWITHSTANDING  the  sixtj'  glaciers  from  which  it  derives  its 
name,  the  Glacier  National  Park  is  chiefly  remarkable  for  its  pic- 
turesquely modeled  peaks,  the  unique  qualitt'  ot  its  mountain 
masses,  its  gigantic  precipices,  and  the  romantic  loveliness  of  its 
two  hundred  and  fifty  lakes. 

Though  most  of  our  national  parks  possess  similar  general  features  in  addi- 
tion to  those  which  sharply  differentiate  each  from  every  other,  the  Glacier 
National  Park  shows  them  in  special  abundance  and  unusuall}'  happj'  combina- 
tion. In  fact,  it  is  the  quite  extraordinary,  almost  sensational,  massing  of  these 
scenic  elements  which  gives  it  its  marked  individuality. 

The  broken  and  diversified  character  of  this  scenert',  involving  rugged 
mountain  tops  bounded  b}'  vertical  walls  sometimes  more  than  four  thousand 
feet  high,  glaciers  perched  upon  loft}'  rock}'  shelves,  unexpected  waterfalls  ot 
peculiar  charm,  rivers  of  milk}'  glacier  water,  lakes  unexcelled  tor  sheer  beaut}' 
by  the  most  celebrated  of  sunny  Ital}'  and  snow-topped  Switzerland,  and  grand!}' 
timbered  slopes  sweeping  into  valle}'  bottoms,  offer  a continuous  vet  ever 
changing  series  of  inspiring  vistas  not  to  be  found  in  such  luxuriance  and  per- 
fection elsewhere. 

And  this  rare  scenic  combination  is  not  alone  of  one  valley  of  the  park,  but 
is  characteristic  of  them  all;  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  single  out  an}'  part  of  these 


Photograph  by  Fred  //.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

You  Seem  Menaced  by  Glaciers  and  Waterfalls  upon  Every  Side 


Avalanche  Lake  lies  in  a cirque  whose  precipices  rise  thousands  of  feet 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cowling 

At  the  Very  End  of  the  World 
So  at  least  it  seems  until  you  find  your  way  out  over  the  new  Dawson  Pass  Trail 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

Famous  Grinnell  Lake  with  the  Picturesque  Grinnell  Glacier  Above,  Whence  It  Derives  Its  Partly  Milky  Glacial  Waters 
Camping  at  the  head'of  the  lake  you  see  the  glacier  above  you  thrusting  over  the  rocky  shelf  like  the  eaves  of  a house 


Photograph  by  Fred  11 . Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 


Climbing  the  Upper  Reaches  of  the  Blachfeet  Glacier 

fifteen  hundred  square  miles  that  is  more  beautiful,  more  remarkable,  or  more 
strikingly  diversified  than  any  other. 

The  Glacier  National  Park  lies  in  northwestern  Montana,  abutting  the 
Canadian  boundary.  It  incloses  the  continental  divide  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
at  that  point;  in  fact,  from  one  spot  known  as  the  Triple  Divide,  waters  flow 
into  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Hudson  Bay  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

It  is  interesting  that  Glacier’s  peculiarly  rugged  topography  is  practically 
limited  to  the  park’s  boundaries.  To  the  north,  in  Canada,  the  mountains 
subside  into  low,  rounded  ridges.  To  the  south  and  west,  though  still  fine, 
they  lose  the  quality  of  majest}^.  Easterly  lie  the  plains. 

The  transcontinental  railway  traveler  skirts  the  park  without  hint  of  the 
supreme  beauty  so  near  at  hand.  But  let  him  stop  at  Glacier  Park  station  or 
at  Belton  and,  after  swift  rides  in  auto-stages,  see  something  of  the  beauties  of 
Lake  St.  Maiy,  Lake  McDermott,  Bowman  Lake,  or  Lake  McDonald,  and  he 
will  instantly  understand  the  attractive  force  which  draws  thousands  across  the 
continent,  and  will  some  day  draw  thousands  across  the  seas,  to  stand  spell- 
bound before  these  awe-inspiring  examples  of  nature’s  noblest  handiwork. 


nature,  just  how  many  millions  of  j^ears  ago  no  man  can  esti- 
mate, made  the  Glacier  National  Park  is  a stirring  stoiy. 

Once  this  whole  region  was  covered  with  water,  probably  the 
sea.  I he  earthy  sediments  deposited  by  this  water  hardened  into 
rocky  strata.  If  you  were  in  the  park  to-day  j'ou  would  see  broad  horizontal 
streaks  of  variously  colored  rock  m the  mountain  masses  thousands  of  feet 
above  you.  Idiey  are  discernible  in  the  photographs  in  this  book.  They  are 
the  ver\'  strata  that  the  waters  deposited  m their  depths  m those  far-away  ages. 

How  they  got  from  the 
seas’  bottoms  to  the  moun- 
tains’ tops  IS  the  story. 

According  to  one  fa- 
mous theory  of  creation,  the 
earth  has  been  contracting 
through  unnumbered  cycles 
of  time.  Just  as  the  squeezed 
orange  bulges  m places,  so 
this  region  may  have  been 
forced  upward.  In  fact,  this 
is  what  must  have  happened 
at  this  particular  spot.  The 
geologist  learns  to  accept 
such  theories  without  ques- 
tion, for,  though  he  cannot 
realize  the  vast  periods  of 
time  and  awful  forces  in- 
volved in  a movement  of 
this  kind,  the  evidence  of 
It  is  so  plain  that  it  is  in- 
contestable. 

Under  this  incalculable 
pressure  from  its  sides  and 
below,  the  bottom  of  the 
sea  gradually  rose  and  be- 
came dry  land.  The  pressure 
continued,  and  the  earth’s 
crust  at  this  point,  like 
the  skin  of  the  squeezed 
orange,  bulged  m long  Ir- 
regular lines.  In  time  these 
became  mountains. 


Photograph  by  Ellis  Prentice  Cole 

IcEBKRG  Lake  When  Floes  Drift  in  August 


MAKING  A NATIONAL  PARK 


Photograph  by  L.  D.  Lindsley 

One  of  the  Wildest  Spots  on  Earth  Is  Ptarmigan  Lake 

Then,  when  the  rocky  crust  could  no  longer  stand  the  strain,  it  cracked. 

Gradually  the  western  edge  of  this  great  crack  was  forced  upward  and  over 
the  eastern  edge.  This  relieved  the  internal  pressure  and  the  overlapping 
edge  settled  into  its  present  position.  Geologists  call  this  process  faulting.  The 
edge  that  was  forced  over  the  other  edge  is  called  the  overthrust. 

The  edge  thus  thrust  over  was  four  or  five  thousand  feet  thick.  It  crumbled 
into  peaks,  precipices,  and  gorges.  It  must  have  afforded  a spectacle  of  sub- 
lime ruggedness,  but  without  the  transcendental  beaut}^  of  to-day. 

Upon  these  mountains  and  precipices  and  into  these  gorges  the  snows  and 
the  rains  of  uncounted  centuries  of  centuries  have  since  fallen,  and  the  ice  and 
the  frost  and  the  rushing  waters  have  carved  them  into  the  area  of  distinguished 
beauty  which  is  to-day  the  American  Switzerland. 

To  picture  to  yourselves  this  region,  imagine  a chain  of  verj"  lofty  m.oun- 
tains  twisting  about  like  a worm,  spotted  everj^where  with  snow  fields,  and 
bearing  glistening  glaciers. 

Imagine  these  mountains  crumbled  and  broken  on  their  east  sides  into 
precipices  sometimes  four  thousand  feet  deep  and  flanked  everjw^here  b}'  lesser 
peaks  and  tumbled  mountain  masses  of  smaller  size  in  whose  hollows  lie  the 
most  beautiful  lakes  you  have  ever  dreamed  of. 


PhotO'^raph  hy  Prrd  II  Kist'r,  Portland,  Oregon 


'I'liF  Peak  of  Blackfkht  Mountain  Is  IVpical  of  Glacti  r Scenery 


iPhaiograj-h  by  II.  T.  Cowling 

I wo  Th(Hisani)  Kee'i  Sheer  from  Flowi:rs  to  Lake 


1 nn.iiiK'd  lake  un  new  (rail  up  the  Triple  Divide 


Photograph  by  II.  T.  CozvUng 


l^iRTH  OF  A Cloud  on  the  Side  of  Mount  Rockwell 


Photograph  by  II.  T.  Co:vling 

Karly  Morning  Cloud-Effects  at  'Two  Medicine  Lake 
Romantic  Rising-Wolf  Mountain  is  seen  in  middle  distance 


Photograph  by  Fred  H.  Kiser,  Portland,  Oregon 

It  Is  the  Romantic,  Almost  Sensational  Massing  of  Extraordinary  Scenic 

Beautiful  St.  Mary  Lake  with  Going-to-the-Sun  Camp  in  the  forcgrouil 


4ENTS  Which  Gives  the  Glacier  National  Park  Its  Marked  Individuality 
Citadel  Mountain  in  left  center,  Fusillade  Mountain  to  their  right 


ITS  LAKES 


Plwtn;^rtiph  by  Frtd  JI.  Ki.n'r^  Porlland,  Or/-i:^on 


AND  VALLEYS 


IE  supreme  glory  of  the 
Glacier  National  Park  is 
Its  lakes.  The  world  has 
none  to  surpass,  perhaps 
few  to  equal  them.  Some  are  vallet^ 
gems  grown  to  the  water’s  edge  with  for- 
ests. Some  are  cradled  among  precipices 
Some  float  ice-fields  m midsummer. 

From  the  continental  divide  seven 
principal  valle3's  drop  precipitous^ 
upon  the  east,  twelve  sweep  down  the 
longer  western  slopes.  Each  valle}^ 
holds  between  its  feet  its  greater  lake 
to  which  are  tributary  man}^  smaller 
lakes  of  astonishing  wildness. 

On  the  east  side  St.  Mary  Lake  is 
destined  to  world-wide  celebrity,  but  so 
also  is  Lake  McDonald  on  the  west  side. 
These  are  the  largest  in  the  park. 

But  some,  perhaps  many,  of  the 
smaller  lakes  are  candidates  for  beauty’s 
highest  honors.  Of  these  Lake  McDer- 
mott with  Its  mmaretted  peaks  stands 
first — perhaps  because  best  known,  for 
here  is  one  of  the  finest  hotels  m ant' 
national  park  and  a luxurious  camp. 

LIpper  Two  Medicine  Lake  is  an- 
other east-side  candidate  widely  known 
because  of  its  accessibility,  while  far  to 
the  north  the  Belli'  River  Valley,  diffi- 
cult to  reach  and  seldom  seen,  holds 
lakes,  fed  by  eighteen  glaciers,  which 
will  compare  with  Switzerland’s  noblest. 

The  west-side  valle}'s  north  of  Mc- 
Donald constitute  a little-known  wil- 
derness of  the  earth’s  choicest  scenery, 
destined  to  future  appreciation. 

The  continental  divide  is  usually 
crossed  by  the  famous  Gunsight  Pass 
trail,  which  skirts  giant  precipices  and 
develops  sensational  vistas  m its  ser- 
pentine course. 


After  Sunset  at  Upper  Two  Medicine  Lake 


Photograph  hy  H.  T.  Cozcling 


Intfrior  of  Many  Glaciers  Hotel,  Lake  McDermott 


Photograph  by  L.  D.  Lindsley 


The  End  of  the  Day 


COMFORT  AMONG  GLACIERS 


SMALL  but  imposing  aggregate  of  the  scenerv  of  the  Glacier 
National  Park  is  available  to  the  comfort-loving  traveler.  There 
are  two  entrances,  each  with  a railroad  station.  The  visitor 
choosing  the  east  entrance,  at  Glacier  Park,  will  find  auto-stages 
to  Two  Medicine  Lake,  St.  Mary  Lake,  and  Lake  McDermott. 

At  the  railway  station  and  at  Lake  McDermott  are  elaborate  modern  hotels 
with  every  convenience.  At  Two  Medicine  Lake,  at  St.  Mary  and  LTpper 
St.  Mary  Lakes,  at  Cut  Bank  Creek,  at  Lake  McDermott,  at  Gunsight  Lake, 
at  a point  below  the  Sperry  Glacier,  and  at  Granite  Park  are  chalets  or  camps, 
or  both,  where  e.xcellent  accommodations  mat"  be  had  at  modest  charges. 

The  visitor  choosing  the  west  entrance,  at  Belton,  will  Hnd  camps  and 
chalets  there,  and  an  auto-stage  to  beautiful  Lake  McDonald,  where  there  is 
a hotel  of  comfort  and  individuality  in  addition  to  public  camps. 

There  is  boat  service  on  Upper  St.  Mary  Lake  and  Lake  McDonald. 

But  if  the  enterprising  traveler  desires  to  know  this  wilderness  wonderland 
in  all  its  moods  and  phases,  he  must  equip  himself  for  the  rough  trail  and  the 
wayside  camp.  Thus  he  may  devote  weeks,  months,  summers  to  the  bene- 
fiting of  his  health  and  the  uplifting  of  his  soul. 


Photograph  by  L.  1).  Lindsley 

'I'hf  Mountaineers  on  Tour— Wash-Day  at  Nyack  Lake 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cowling 

To  THE  Victor  Belong  the  Spoils 
Mary  Roberts  Rinehart  lunching  after  a morning’s  trouting  on  Flathead  River 


Photograph  by  II.  T.  Cozvling 

The  Comfortable  Hotel  Near  the  Head  of  Lake  McDonald 


Photograph  by  II.  T.  Cozvling 


A Little  Fun  in  August  Snow 
Stopping  for  a frolic  on  the  White  Trail  of  Piegan  Pass 


Photograph  by  II.  T.  CoiUing 


Clearing  After  the  Storm 


PURCHASED  FROM  INDIANS 


CE  this  region  was  the  favorite  hunting  ground  of  the  Blackfeet 
ndians,  whose  reservation  adjoins  it  on  the  east.  It  was  then 

nactically  unknown  to  white  men.  In  1890  copper  was  found 

md  there  was  a rush  of  prospectors.  To  open  it  for  mining  pur- 

poses Congress  bought  the  region  from  the  Indians  in  1896,  but  not  enough 
copper  was  found  to  pay  for  the  mining.  After  the  miners  left  few  persons 

visited  it  but  big-game  hunters  until  1910,  when  it  was  made  a national  park. 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cowling 

Blackfeet  Indian  Camp  on  Two  Medicine  Lake 
Glacier  National  Park  was  once  their  hunting  ground 


CREATURES  OE  THE  WILD 


LACIER,  once  the 
favorite  hunting 
ground  of  the 
Blackfeet  andnow 
for  fifteen  j^ears  strictly  pre- 
served, has  a large  and  grow- 
ing  population  of  creatures  of 
the  wild.  Its  rocks  and  preci- 
pices ht  It  especially  to  be  the 
home  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 
sheep  and  the  mountain  goat. 

Both  of  these  large  and 
hardy  climbers  are  found  in 
Glacier  m great  numbers. 
They  constitute  a familiar 
sight  in  many  of  the  places 
most  frequented  by  tourists. 

Trout  fishing  is  particu- 
larly fine.  The  trout  are  of 
half  a dozen  Western  vari- 
eties, of  which  perhaps  the 
cutthroat  is  the  most  com- 
mon. In  the  larger  lakes  the 
Mackinaw  is  caught  up  to 
twenty  pounds  in  weight. 

So  widely  are  they  distrib- 
uted that  it  is  difficult  to 
name  lakes  of  special  fishing 
importance. 


Photograph  by  Fred  II.  Kiser,  PortlaJid,  Oregon 


Summit  of  Appistoki  Mountain 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AT  A GLANCE 

Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation 
[Number,  14;  Total  Area,  7,290  Square  Miles] 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

AREA 

in 

square 

miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

Hot  Springs  Reser- 
vation 
1832 

Middle 

Arkansas 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties — Many  hotels 
and  boarding-houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Hot  Springs — 
bath-houses  under  public  control. 

Yellowstone 

1872 

North- 

western 

Wyoming 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together — Boiling 
springs — Mud  volcanoes — Petrified  forests — Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring — 
Large  lakes — Many  large  streams  and  waterfalls — Vast 
wilderness  inhabited  by  deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope, 
bear,  mountain  sheep,  beaver,  etc.,  constituting  greatest 
wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world — Altitude  6,coo  to 
11,000  feet — Exceptional  trout  fishing. 

Yosemite 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

1,125 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty — Lofty  cliffs — Romantic  vistas 
— Many  waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height — 3 groves  of 
big  trees — High  Sierra — Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks — 
Waterwheel  falls — Good  trout  fishing. 

Sequoia 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

237 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park — 12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10  feet 
in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter — Towering 
mountain  ranges — Startling  precipices — Fine  trout  fishing. 

General  Grant 
1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter — six  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park  and 
under  same  management. 

Mount  Rainier 
1899 

West 

central 

Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system — 28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size — Forty-eight  square  miles  of  glacier, 
fifty  to  five  hundred  feet  thick — Remarkable  sub-alpine 
wild-flower  fields. 

Crater  Lake 
1902 

South- 

western 

Oregon 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
inlet,  no  outlet — Sides  1,000  feet  high — Interesting  lava  for- 
mations— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Mesa  Verde 
1906 

South- 

western 

Colorado 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings  in 
United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

Platt 

1906 

Southern 

Oklahoma 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties — 
Under  Government  regulations. 

Glacier 

1910 

North- 

western 

Montana 

1,534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  Alpine  character — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty — 60  small  glaciers 
— Peaks  of  unusual  shape — Precipices  thousands  of  feet 
deep — Almost  sensational  scenery  of  marked  individuality 
— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Rocky  Mountain 
191S 

North 

middle 

Colorado 

358 

Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Sully’s  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1892,  Arizona 


Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devil’s  Lake. 
Large  natural  cavern. 

Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  tlie  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
1 he  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the 
American  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National 
Parks  during  their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Trans- 
continental through  trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  Por  schedules  and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  write  to  the 
Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the  above  map,  as  follows: 


Arizona  Eastern  Railroad  - - - - Tucson,  Ariz. 

Atchison,  Topeka  & Santa  Fe  Railway - - 1119  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago  & North  Western  Railway  - - 226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Burlington  & Quincy  Railroad  Co.  . . - . 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  III. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Denver  & Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.  Equitable  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Great  Northern  Railway  -----  Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Gulf,  Colorado  & Santa  Fe  Railway  - Galveston,  Texas. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  - Central  Station.  Chicago,  III. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  - Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  - . . - Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

San  Pedro,  Los  Angeles  & Salt  Lake  Railroad  - - - Pacihc  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Southern  Pacific  Company  - Flood  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Union  Pacific  System  ------  (Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago.  Ill, 

Wabash  Railway  Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  - - Mills  Building,  Saii  Francisco,  Calif. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  tor  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


REMEMBER  THAT 

GLACIER  BELONGS  TO  YOU 

IT  IS  ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  IT  IS  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


PRESS  OF  CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  NEW  YORK 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

Franklin  K.  Lane,  Secretary 


THE 

ROCKY 

MOUNTAIN 

NATIONAL 

PARK 


Seen  from  the  East,  This  Range  Rises  in  Daring  Relief,  Craggy  in  Outline,  Snow-Clad,  Awe-Inspiring 
This  photograph  is  from  the  high  drive  in  Estes  Park  and  exhibits  summits  lying  to  the  north  of  Longs  Peak 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cowling 

Fall  River  Entrance  to  the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park 

“TOP  OF  THE  WORLD” 


H|0R  many  years  the  Mecca  of  Eastern  mountain  lovers  has  been  the 
i Rockies.  For  many  }'ears  the  name  has  summed  European  ideas 
5 of  American  mountain  grandeur.  Yet  it  was  not  until  1915  that 
§ a particular  section  of  the  enormous  area  of  magmhcent  and  diver- 
sified scenic  range  thus  designated  was  chosen  as  the  representative  of  the  no- 
blest qualities  of  the  whole.  This  is  the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park. 

And  It  is  splendidly  representative.  In  nobility,  in  calm  dignity,  in  the 
sheer  glory  of  stalwart  beauty,  there  is  no  mountain  group  to  excel  the  company 
of  snow-capped  veterans  of  all  the  ages  which  stands  at  everlasting  parade 
behind  its  grim,  helmeted  captain.  Longs  Peak. 

There  is  probably  no  other  scenic  neighborhood  of  the  first  order  which  com- 
bines mountain  outlines  so  bold  with  a quality  of  beauty  so  intimate  and  refined. 
Just  to  live  in  the  valleys  in  the  eloquent  and  ever-changing  presence  of  these 
carved  and  tinted  peaks  is  itself  satisfaction.  But  to  climb  into  their  embrace, 
to  know  them  in  the  intimacy  of  their  bare  summits  and  their  flowered,  glaciated 
gorges,  is  to  turn  a new  and  unforgettable  page  in  experience. 

The  park  straddles  the  continental  divide  at  a point  of  supreme  magnificence. 
Its  eastern  gateway  is  beautiful  Estes  Park,  a valley  village  of  many  hotels  from 
which  access  up  to  the  most  noble  heights  and  into  the  most  picturesque  recesses 
of  the  Rockies  is  easy  and  comfortable.  Its  western  entrance  is  Grand  Lake. 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cozding 


Odessa  Lake  Is  Almost  Encircled  by  Snow-Spattered  Summits 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cowling 

Spruce-Girdled  Fern  Lake,  Showing  Little  Matterhorn  in  Middle  Distance 


Phoio'^raph  by  John  king  khernuDi 

The  Chiseled  Western  Wall  of  Loch  Vale 


PRECIPICE-WALLED  GORGES 


Photograph  by  John  King  Sherman 


Chasm  I.ake  and  Longs  Peak. 


DISTINGUISHED  fea- 
ture of  the  park  is  its 
profusion  of  chff-cradlecl, 
glacier-watered  valleys 
unexcelled  for  wildness  and  the  glor}^ 
of  their  flowers.  Here  grandeur  and 
romantic  beaut}^  compete. 

These  valleys  lie  in  two  groups, 
one  north,  the  other  south  of  Longs 
Peak,  in  the  angles  of  the  main  range; 
the  northern  group  called  the  Wild 
Garden,  the  southern  group  called 
the  Wild  Basin. 

There  are  few  spots,  for  instance, 
so  impressively  beautiful  as  Loch 
Vale,  with  its  three  shelved  lakes 
Ij/ing  three  thousand  feet  sheer  be- 
low Taylor’s  Peak.  Adjoining  is 
Glacier  Gorge  at  the  foot  of  the 
precipitous  north  slope  of  Longs 
Peak,  holding  in  rocky  embrace  its 
own  group  of  thi'ee  lakelets. 

The  Wild  Basin,  with  its  wealth 
of  lake  and  precipice,  still  remains 
unexploited  and  known  to  few. 


Few  Mountain  Gorges  Are  So  Impressively  Beautiful  as  Loch  Vale 


Looking  into  the  Park  from  the  Twin  Sisters  Late  Afternoon  'Fields  Good  Catches 


Photograph  by  Agnes  If'.  Faille 


Photograph  by  J.  Burns  Photograph  by  II.  T.  Cozvling 

Ice  Floes  Breaking  from  the  Hallett  Glacier  Iceberg  Lake  Lies  2,000  Feet  Below  Trail  Ridge 


Photograph  hy  II.  T.  Cotfling  ~ 

To  Know  Them  in  the  Intimacy  of  Their  Bare  Summits  Is  to  Turn  an  Unforgettable  Page  in  the  Book  of  Experience 
Looking  from  Flattop  across  the  Tpndall  Glacier  Gorge  to  the  wind)'  summit  of  Hallett  Peak 


Midway  ok  the  Range,  Longs  Peak  Rears  His  Stately,  Square-Crowned  L 

This  is  the  very  heart  of  the  Rockies;  few  photogi| 


d;  a Veritable  King  of  Mountains  Calmly  Overlooking  All  His  Realm 
s so  fully  express  the  spirit  of  the  Snowy  Range 


THE  KING  AND  HIS  KINGDOM 


Photograph  hy  Enos  Mills 

Mount  Clarence  King 


Snowy  Range  lies,  roughly 
speaking,  north  and  south.  From 
valleys  8,000  feet  high,  the  peaks 
rise  from  12,000  to  14,000  feet. 


Longs  Peak  measures  14,255  feet. 

The  gentler  slopes  are  on  the  west,  a region 
of  loveliness,  heavily  wooded,  diversified  by 
gloriously  modeled  mountain  masses,  and  wa- 
tered by  many  streams  and  rock-bound  lakes. 
The  western  entrance.  Grand  Lake,  is  a thriv- 
ing center  of  hotel  and  cottage  life. 

On  the  east  side  the  descent  from  the  con- 
tinental divide  is  steep  in  the  extreme.  Preci- 
pices two  or  three  thousand  feet  plunging  into 
gorges  carpeted  with  snow  patches  and  wild 
flowers  are  common.  Seen  from  the  east-side 
villages,  this  range  rises  in  daring  relief,  craggy 
m outline,  snow- spattered,  awe-inspiring. 

Midway  of  the  range  and  standing  boldly 
forward  from  its  western  side.  Longs  Peak 
rears  his  lofty,  square-crowned  head.  A veri- 
table King  of  Mountains — stalwart,  majestic. 

Amazingly  diversified  is  this  favored  region. 

The  valleys  are  checkered  with  broad, 
flowery  opens  and  luxuriant  groves  of  white- 
stemmed aspens  and  dark-leaved  pines.  Sing- 
ing rivers  and  shining  lakes  abound.  Frost- 
sculptured  granite  cliffs  assume  picturesque 
shapes.  Alwa}^s  some  group  of  peaks  has 
caught  and  held  the  wandering  clouds. 

Very  different  are  the  mountain  vistas. 
From  the  heights  stretches  on  every  hand  a 
tumbled  sea  of  peaks.  Dark  gorges  open  un- 
derfoot. Massive  granite  walls  torn  from  their 
fastenings  in  some  unimaginable  upheaval  in 
ages  before  man  impose  their  gray  faces.  Far 
in  the  distance  lie  patches  of  molten  silver 
which  are  lakes,  and  threads  of  silver  which 
are  rivers,  and  mists  which  conceal  far-off  val- 
leys. On  sunny  days  lies  to  the  east  a dim 
sea  which  is  the  great  plains. 


Photograph  by  George  H.  Harvey 

Grand  Lake  from  the  Continental  Divide 


Photograph  by  H . T.  Cowling 

Cache  la  Poudre  Valley  at  Foot  of  Specimen  Mountain 


METROPOLIS  of  BEAVERLAND 


Copyright  by  JJ'i  wall  Brothers.  Denver 

An  Aspen  Thicket  Trail  Is  a Path  of 
Delight 


IE  visitor  will  not  forget 
the  aspens  in  the  Rock}^ 
Mountain  National 
Park.  Their  white  trunks 
and  branches  and  their  luxuriant 
bright  green  foliage  are  never  out 
of  sight.  A trail  through  an  aspen 
thicket  is  a path  of  delight. 

Because  of  the  unusual  aspen 
growths,  the  region  is  the  favored 
home  of  beavers,  who  make  the 
tender  bark  their  principal  food. 
Beaver  dams  block  countless  streams 
and  beaver  bouses  emerge  from  the 
still  ponds  above.  In  some  retired 
spots  tbe  engineering  feats  of  gener- 
ations of  beaver  families  may  be 
traced  in  all  their  considerable  range. 

Nowhere  is  the  picturesqueness 
of  timber-line  more  quickly  and  more 
easily  seen.  A horse  after  early 
breakfast,  a steep  mountain  trail,  an 
hour  of  unique  enjoyment,  and  one 
may  be  back  for  late  luncheon. 

Eleven  thousand  feet  up,  the 
winter  struggles  between  trees  and 
icy  gales  are  grotesquely  exhibited. 

The  first  sight  of  luxuriant  En- 
gelman  spruces  creeping  closely  upon 
the  ground  Instead  of  rising  a hun- 
dred and  fifty'  feet  straight  and  true 
as  masts  is  not  soon  forgotten. 
Many  stems  strong  enough  to  partly' 
defy'  the  winters’  gales  grow  bent  in 
half  circles.  Others,  starting  straight 
in  shelter  of  some  large  rock,  bend 
at  right  angles  where  they'  emerge 
above  it.  Many  succeed  in  lifting 
their  trunks  but  not  in  growing 
branches  except  in  their  lee,  thus  sug- 
gesting great  evergreen  dust  brushes. 


Photograph  by  Enos  Mills 

Beaver  Dams  Block  Countless  Streams 


Photograph  by  Enos  Mills 


Wind-Twisted  Trees  at  Timber-Line 


r holi-^ruph  hy  Enus  Mills 

RECORDS  OF  THE  GEACIERS 


Fhotograph  by  //.  T.  Cowling 

Moonlight  on  Grand  Lake 


FEATURE  of  this 
region  is  the  read- 
ability of  Its  records 
of  glacial  action 
during  the  ages  when  America 
was  making.  In  few  other 
spots  do  these  evidences,  in  all 
their  variety,  make  themselves 
so  prominent  to  the  casual  eye. 

There  is  scarcely  any  part 
of  the  eastern  side  where  some 
enormous  moraine  does  not 
force  Itself  upon  passing  atten- 
tion. One  of  the  valley  villages. 
Moraine  Park,  Is  so  named  from 
a moraine  built  out  for  miles 
across  the  valley’s  floor  by  an- 
cient parallel  glaciers. 

Scarcely  less  prominent  is 
the  long  curving  hill  called  the 
Mills  Moraine,  after  Enos  Mills, 
the  naturalist,  who  is  known  in 
Colorado  as  “the  father  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  National 
Park.” 

In  short,  this  park  is  Itself  a 
primer  of  glacial  geology  whose 
simple,  self-evident  lessons  im- 
mediately disclose  the  key  to  one 
of  nature’s  chiefest  scenic  secrets. 


Copyright  by  JViszvall  Brothers^  Denver 


Fall  River  at  the  Close  of  Day 


Modeled  Mountain  Masses 


Photograph  by  George  C.  Barnard,  Deliver 

An  Ideal  Country  for  Winter  Sports 


Phutograph  by  II.  7’.  CqivIui^ 


"1'hk  Stanli  y Hotm, 


EASY  TO  REACH  AND  TO  SEE 


accessibility  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park  is  apparent 
by  a glance  at  any  map.  Denver  and  St.  Louis  are  less  than  thirty 
hours  from  Chicago,  two  days  only  from  New  York.  A half  day 
from  Denver  wdl  put  you  m Estes  Park. 

Once  there,  comfortable  in  one  of  its  many  hotels  of  varying  range  of  tariff, 
and  the  summits  and  the  gorges  of  this  mountain-top  paradise  resolve  them- 
selves into  a choice  between  foot  and  horseback. 

There  are  also  a few  most  comfortable  houses  and  several  somewhat  primi- 
tive camps  within  the  park’s  boundaries  at  the  very  foot  of  its  noblest  scenery. 


Longs  Peak  Inn;  Altitude  9,000  Feet 

I.ones  Peak  (14,255  feet)  in  the  center  of  the  triple  mountain  group,  flanked  by  Mount  Meeker  on 
the  right  and  Mount  Lady  Washington  on  the  left;  across  their  front  is  the  Mills  Moraine 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AT  A GLANCE 

Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation 
[Number,  14;  Total  Area,  7,290  Square  Miles] 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

AREA 

in 

square 

miles 

DISTINCTIVE  characteristics 

Hot  Springs  Reser- 
vation 
1832 

Middle 

Arkansas 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties — Many  hotels 
and  boarding-houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Hot  Springs — 
bath-houses  under  public  control. 

Yellowstone 

1872 

North- 

western 

Wyoming 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together — Boiling 
springs — Mud  volcanoes — Petrified  forests — Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring — 
Large  lakes — Many  large  streams  and  waterfalls — Vast 
wilderness  inhabited  by  deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope, 
bear,  mountain  sheep,  beaver,  etc.,  constituting  greatest 
wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world — Altitude  6,000  to 
11,000  feet — Exceptional  trout  fishing. 

Yosemite 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

I,I2S 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty — Lofty  cliffs — Romantic  vistas 
— Many  waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height — 3 groves  of 
big  trees — High  Sierra — Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks — 
Waterwheel  falls — Good  trout  fishing. 

Sequoia 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

237 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park — 12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10  feet 
in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter — Towering 
mountain  ranges — Startling  precipices — Fine  trout  fishing. 

General  Grant 
1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter — six  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park  and 
under  same  management. 

Mount  Rainier 
1899 

West 

central 

Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system — 28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size — Forty-eight  square  miles  of  glacier, 
fifty  to  five  hundred  feet  thick — Remarkable  sub-alpine 
wild-flower  fields. 

Crater  Lake 
1902 

South- 

western 

Oregon 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
inlet,  no  outlet — Sides  1,000  feet  high — Interesting  lava  for- 
mations— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Mesa  Verde 
1906 

South- 

western 

Colorado 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings  in 
United  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

Platt 

1906 

Southern 

Oklahoma 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties — 
Under  Government  regulations. 

Glacier 

1910 

North- 

western 

Montana 

1,534 

Rugged  mountain  region  of  unsurpassed  Alpine  character — ■ 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty — 60  small  glaciers 
— Peaks  of  unusual  shape — Precipices  thousands  of  feet 
deep — Almost  sensational  scenery  of  marked  individuality 
— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Rocky  Mountain 
1915 

North 

middle 

Colorado 

358 

Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  are: 

Sully’s  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1892,  Arizona 


Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devil’s  Lake. 
Large  natural  cavern. 

Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  NATIONAL  PARKS 


1 lie  map  shows  tlie  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  anti  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
I he  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the 
American  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National 
Parks  during  their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip.  Trans- 
continental through  trams  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  For  schedules  and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  write  to  the 
Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the  above  map,  as  follows: 


Arizona  Eastern  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  --  --  Tucson,  Ariz. 

Atchison,  Topeka  & Santa  Fe  Railway  -------  1 1 19  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago  & North  Western  Railway  -------  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Burlington  & Quincy  Railroad  Co.  - - - . 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  & St.  Paul  Railway  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  III. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Denver  & Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.  -------  Equitable  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Great  Northern  Railway  -----  Railroad  Building,  Fourili  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Gulf,  Colorado  & Santa  Fe  Railway  - - Galveston,  Texas, 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  - Central  Station,  Chicago,  III. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  - Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  - - _ _ Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

San  Pedro,  Los  .Angeles  & Salt  Lake  Railroad  - - . Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  .Angeles,  Calif. 

Southern  Pacific  Company  - --  --  --  --  Flood  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Union  Pacific  System  ------  Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street.  Chicago,  III. 

Wabash  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  --  - Mills  Building,  Sau  Francisco,  Calif. 


For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  tlie  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 

REMEMBER  THAT 

ROCKY  MOUNTAIN  BELONGS  TO  YOU 

IT  IS  ONE  OF  THE  GREAT  NA I IONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 
FOR  WHOM  IT  IS  ADMINISTERED  BY  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


PRESS  OF  CHARLES  SCRIBNER’S  SONS,  NEW  YORK 


THE 

GRAND  CANYON 

OF  THE  COLORADO  RIVER 
IN  ARIZONA 


By  Far  the  Most  Sublime  of  All  Earthly  Spectacles.” — Charles  Dudley  Warner 


ISSUED  by 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


Photograph  hy  George  R.  King 

“It  Is  Beyond  Comparison — Beyond  Description;  Absolutely  Unparalleled 
Throughout  the  Wide  World.” — Theodore  Roosevelt 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cozvling 

Leaving  El  Tovar  for  the  Rim  Drive 


COLOSSUS  OF  CANYONS 


ORE  mysterious  in  its  depth  than  the  Himalayas  in  their  height,” 
writes  Professor  John  C.  Van  Dyke,  “the  Grand  Canyon  re- 
mains not  the  eighth  but  the  first  wonder  of  the  world.  There 
is  nothing  like  it.” 

Even  the  most  superficial  description  of  this  enormous  spectacle  ma)'  not 
be  put  in  words.  The  wanderer  upon  the  rim  overlooks  a thousand  square 
miles  of  pyramids  and  minarets  carved  from  the  painted  depths.  Many  miles 
away  and  more  than  a mile  below  the  level  of  his  feet  he  sees  a tin}'  silver 
thread  which  he  knows  is  the  giant  Colorado. 

He  is  numbed  by  the  spectacle.  At  first  he  cannot  comprehend  it.  There 
is  no  measure,  nothing  which  the  eye  can  grasp,  the  mind  fathom. 

It  may  be  hours  before  he  can  even  slightly  adjust  himself  to  the  titanic 
spectacle,  before  it  ceases  to  be  utter  chaos;  and  not  until  then  does  he  begin 
to  exclaim  in  rapture. 


And  he  never  wholly  adjusts  himself,  for  with  dawning  appreciation  comes 
growing  wonder.  Comprehension  lies  always  just  beyond  his  reach. 

The  Colorado  River  is  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Grand  and  the 
Green  Rivers.  Together  they  gather  the  waters  of  three  hundred  thousand 
square  miles.  Their  many  canyons  reach  this  magnificent  climax  in  northern 
Arizona.  The  Grand  Canyon  is  a national  monument  administered  by  the 
Department  of  Agriculture. 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

“A  Pageant  of  Ghastly  Desolation  and  Yet  of  Frightful  Vitality,  Such  as  Neither  Dante  Nor  Milton  in  Their  Most 

SubLime  Conceptions  Ever  Even  Approached.” — William  Winter 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

“A  Gigantic  Statement  for  Even  Nature  to  Mare  All  in  One  Mighty  Stone  Word.  Wildness  So  Codeul,  Cosmic,  Primeval, 

Bestows  a New  Sense  of  Earth’s  Beauty  and  Size.” — John  Muir 


Photograph  by  lUnry  Furnnann 

The  Rim  Road  Affords  Many  Glorious  Views 


BY  SUNSET  AND  MOONRISE 

HEN  the  light  falls  into  it,  harsh,  direct,  and  searching,”  writes 
Hamlin  Garland,  “it  is  great,  but  not  beautiful.  The  lines  are 
chaotic,  disturbing — but  wait  ! The  clouds  and  the  sunset,  the 
moonrise  and  the  storm,  will  transform  it  into  a splendor  no 
mountain  range  can  surpass.  Peaks  will  shift  and  glow,  walls  darken,  crags 
take  fire,  and  graj^-green  mesas,  dimly  seen,  take  on  the  gleam  of  opalescent 
lakes  of  mountain  water.” 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

Hermit’s  Rest,  Near  the  Head  of  the  Hermit  Trail  to  the  River 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  CozvHng 


“Is  Any  Fifty  Miles  of  Mother  Earth  as  Fearful,  or  Any  Part  as  Fearful,  as 
Full  of  Glory,  as  I ull  of  God?” — Joaouin  Miller 


Photograph  by  II.  T.  Cozvling 

Still  Farther  Down  the  FIermit  Trail 


PAINTED  IN  MAGIC  COLORS 

IE  blues  and  the  graj^s  and  the  mauves  and  the  reds  are  second 
in  glory  only  to  the  canyon’s  size  and  sculpture.  The  colors 
change  with  every  changing  hour.  The  morning  and  the  evening 
shadows  play  magicians’  tricks. 

“It  seems  like  a gigantic  statement  for  even  Nature  to  make  all  In  one 
mighty  stone  word,”  writes  John  Muir.  “Wildness  so  Godful,  cosmic,  prime- 
val, bestows  a new  sense  of  earth’s  beauty  and  size.  . . . But  the  colors,  the 
living,  rejoicing  colors,  chanting  morning  and  evening  m chorus  to  heaven  ! 
Whose  brush  or  pencil,  however  lovingly  inspired,  can  give  us  these.?  In  the 
supreme  flaming  glory  of  sunset  the  whole  canyon  Is  transfigured,  as  if  the 
life  and  light  of  centuries  of  sunshine  stored  up  m the  rocks  was  now  being 
poured  forth  as  from  one  glorious  fountain,  flooding  both  earth  and  sky.” 


Photograph  by  H.  T.  Cotvling 


Near  the  Bottom,  Showing  Hermit  Camp  at  the  Foot  of  a Lofty  Monument 

This  photograph  was  taken  several  r-ears  ago.  The  camp  has  since  been  greatly  enlarged,  affording  most 

comfortable  entertainment  overnight 


Photograph  by  F.  A.  Lathe 


The  Profound  Abyss 


ROMANTIC  INDIAN  LEGEND 


IE  I ndians  believed  the  Grand  Canyon  the  road  to  heaven. 

A great  chief  mourned  the  death  of  his  wife.  To  him  came  the 
god  Ta-vwoats  and  offered  to  prove  that  his  wife  was  in  a hap- 
pier land  by  taking  him  there  to  look  upon  her  happiness.  Ta- 
vwoats  then  made  a trail  through  the  protecting  mountains  and  led  the  chief 
to  the  happy  land.  Thus  was  created  the  canyon  gorge  of  the  Colorado. 

On  their  return,  lest  the  unworthy  should  find  this  happy  land,  Ta-vwoats 
rolled  through  the  trail  a wild,  surging  river.  Thus  was  created  the  Colorado. 


Photograph  by  U.  S.  Forest  Serz'ice 

The  Gorge  Near  the  Mouth  of  Shinumo  Creek 


I 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey' 

Sunset  from  Pima  Point.  “Peaks  Will  Shift  and  Glow,  Walls  Darken, 


le,  and  Gray-Green  Mesas,  Dimly  Seen,  Tare  on  the  Gleam  of  Opalescent  Lakes.” 

^RLAND 


Photograph  hy  U.  T.  (fowling 


'I'hf.  Lookout  at  the  Head  of  the  I^right  Angel  Trail  Near  El  Tovar 


Photograph  hy  H.  T.  Cozvling 

Waiting  for  the  Signal  to  Start  Down  Brigeit  Angel  Trail 
One  may  descend  to  the  river's  edge  and  back  in  one  day  by  this  trail 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

The  Celebrated  Jacob’s  Ladder  on  the  Brioim  Angel  Trail 

The  photograph  ..lionv  how  bro,ul  and  safe  are  the  Grand  Cany.jn  trails.  Fh  :re  is  lEi  daneer  ir 


Photograph  by  Putnam  Valentine 

From  Grand  View.  “But  Wait!  The- Clouds  and  the  Sunset,  the  Moonrise  and  the  Storm,  Will  Transform  It  into  a Splendor 

No  Mountain  Range  Can  Supv.pass.” — Hamlin  Garland 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

When  Clouds  and  Canyon  Meet  and  Merge 


MASTERPIECE  OE  EROSION 


am  falling  in  the  plowed  field  forms  rivulets  m the  furrows.  The 
rivulets  unite  m a muddy  torrent  in  the  roadside  gutter.  With  suc- 
ceeding showers  the  gutter  wears  an  ever-deepening  channel  in  the 
soft  soil.  With  the  passing  season  the  gutter  becomes  a gully. 
Here  and  there,  in  places,  its  banks  undermine  and  fall  in.  Here  and  there  the 
rivulets  from  the  field  wear  tiny  tributary  gullies.  Between  the  breaks  m the 
banks  and  the  tributaries,  irregular  masses  of  earth  remain  standing,  sometimes 
resembling  mimic  cliffs,  sometimes  washed  and  worn  into  mimic  peaks  and  spires. 

Such  roadside  erosion  is  familiar  to  us  all.  A hundred  times  we  have  idl}^ 
noted  the  fantastic  water-carved  walls  and  mmaretted  slopes  of  these  ditches. 
But  seldom,  perhaps,  have  we  realized  that  the  muddy  roadside  ditch  and 
the  world-famous  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Colorado  are,  from  nature’s  stand- 
point, identical;  that  they  differ  onh'  m soil  and  size. 

Th  e and  States  of  our  great  Southwest  constitute  an  enormous  plateau 
or  table-land  from  four  to  eight  thousand  feet  above  sea-level. 

Rivers  gather  into  a few  desert  water  s}'stems.  The  largest  of  these  is  that 
which,  in  its  lower  courses,  has,  in  unnumbered  ages,  worn  the  mighty  chasm 
of  the  Colorado. 


PholO}^raph  h\  V.  S’.  Forest  Service  _ i t~» 

On  the  Mighty  Rivers  Brinic 


A Quiet  Stretch  between  Two  Rapids 

\\  ithin  tlu;  Canyon  the  river  is  crossed  by  cars  suspended  on  wire  cables,  and  also,  in  quiet  reaches, 

by  boats;  there  are  no  bridges 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

Where  the  River  Rests  Below  the  Celebrated  Marble  Canyon  before  Taking  Its 
Plunge  into  the  Gigantic  Canyon  Below 


The  Colorado  rolls  through  many  miles  of  vast  canyons  before  it  reaches  Grand  Canyon 


POWELCS  GREAT  ADVENTURE 

HE  Grand  Canyon  was  the  culminating  scene  of  one  of  the  most 
stirring  adventures  in  the  history  of  American  exploration. 

For  hundreds  of  miles  the  Colorado  and  its  tributaries  form  a 
mighty  network  of  mighty  chasms  which  few  had  ventured  even 
to  enter.  Of  the  Grand  Canvon,  deepest  and  hugest  of  all,  tales  were  current 
of  whirlpools,  of  hundreds  of  miles  of  underground  passage,  and  of  giant  falls 
whose  roaring  music  could  he  heard  on  distant  mountain  summits. 

The  Indians  feared  it.  Even  the  hardiest  of  frontiersmen  refused  it. 

It  remained  for  a geologist  and  a school-teacher,  a one-armed  veteran  of 
the  Civil  War,  John  Weslet"  Powell,  afterward  director  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  to  dare  and  to  accomplish. 

This  was  in  1869.  Nine  men  accompanied  him  m four  boats. 

There  proved  to  be  no  impassable  whirlpools  in  the  Grand  Canyon,  no 
underground  passages  and  no  cataracts.  But  the  trip  was  hazardous  in  the 
extreme.  The  adventurers  faced  the  unknown  at  every  bend,  daily — some- 
times several  times  daily — embarking  upon  swift  rapids  without  guessing  upon 
what  rocks  or  in  what  great  falls  they  might  terminate.  Continually  the}^ 
upset.  The}'  were  unable  to  build  fires  sometimes  for  days  at  a stretch. 

Four  men  deserted,  hoping  to  climb  the  walls,  and  were  never  heard  from 
again — and  this  happened  the  ver}'  dav'  before  Major  Powell  and  his  faithful 
half  dozen  floated  clear  of  the  Grand  Canyon  into  safety. 


Photograph  by  Geological  lauri'ey 

Two  OF  THE  Boats  Used  by  Major  Powell  in  Exploring  the  Canyon 


Photograph  by  El  Tovar  Studio 


Memorial  Just  Erected  by  the  Department  of  the  Interior  to  Major  John 

Wesley  Powell 

It  stands  on  the  rim  at  Sentinel  Point.  Upon  the  altar  which  crowns  it  will  blaze  ceremonial  fires 


EASY  TO  REACH  AND  TO  SEE 

is  possible  to  get  a glimpse  of  the  Grand  Canj'on  bj'  lengthening 
our  transcontinental  trip  one  dat^,  but  this  day'  must  be  spent 
ither  on  the  run  or  in  one  hasty  rush  down  the  Bright  Angel  Trail 
a the  river’s  edge;  one  cannot  do  both  the  same  day.  Two  ardu- 
ous days,  therefore,  will  give  you  a rapid  glance  at  the  general  features.  Three 
^ days  will  enable  you  to  substitute  the  newer  Hermit  Trail,  with  a night  in  the 
i canyon,  for  the  Bright  Angel  Trail.  Four  or  five  days  will  enable  you  to  see 
'■[  the  Grand  Canyon;  but  after  j'ou  see  it  r'ou  will  want  to  live  with  it  awhile. 

1 1 There  are  two  other  trails,  the  Bass  Frail  and  the  Grand  View, 
i;  Ihe  canjmn  should  be  seen  first  from  the  rim.  Hours,  days,  may  be  spent 
; in  emotional  contemplation  of  this  vast  abj'ss.  Navajo  Point,  Grand  \dew, 

: Shoshone  Point,  El  Tovar,  Hopi  Point,  Sentinel  Point,  Pima  Point,  Yuma 
i Point  "he  Hermit  Rim — these  are  a few  onlj"  of  many  spots  of  inspiration, 
i An  altogether  different  experience  is  the  descent  into  the  abi'ss.  This  is 
: I done  on  mule-back  over  trails  which  zigzag  steeply  but  safely  down  the  cliffs. 

The  hotels,  camps,  and  facilities  for  getting  around  are  admirable.  Your 
■ sleeper  brings  you  to  the  very  rim  of  the  canyon. 


Copyright  by  Fred  Harvey 

IIopi  House  at  El  Tovar,  Reproduced  from  an  Ancient  Hopi  Community  Dwelling 


THE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AT  A GLANCE 

Arranged  chronologically  in  the  order  of  their  creation 
[Number,  14;  Total  Area,  7,290  Square  Miles] 


NATIONAL  PARK 
and  Date 

LOCATION 

AREA 

in 

square 

miles 

DISTINCTIVE  CHARACTERISTICS 

Hot  Springs  Reser- 
vation 
1832 

Middle 

Arkansas 

T-yi 

46  hot  springs  possessing  curative  properties — Many  hotels 
and  boarding-houses  in  adjacent  city  of  Plot  Springs — 
bath-houses  under  public  control. 

Yellowstone 

1872 

North- 

western 

Wyoming 

3,348 

More  geysers  than  in  all  rest  of  world  together — Boiling 
springs — Mud  volcanoes — Petrified  forests — Grand  Canyon 
of  the  Yellowstone,  remarkable  for  gorgeous  coloring — 
Large  lakes — Alany  large  streams  and  waterfalls — Vast 
wilderness  inhabited  by  deer,  elk,  bison,  moose,  antelope, 
bear,  mountain  sheep,  beaver,  etc.,  constituting  greatest 
wild  bird  and  animal  preserve  in  world — Altitude  6, coo  to 
11,000  feet — Exceptional  trout  fishing. 

Yosemite 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

I,I2S 

Valley  of  world-famed  beauty — Lofty  cliffs — Romantic  vistas 
— Many  waterfalls  of  extraordinary  height — 3 groves  of 
big  trees — Pligh  Sierra — Large  areas  of  snowy  peaks — 
Waterwheel  falls — Good  trout  fishing. 

Sequoia 

1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

237 

The  Big  Tree  National  Park — 12,000  sequoia  trees  over  10  feet 
in  diameter,  some  25  to  36  feet  in  diameter — Towering 
mountain  ranges — Startling  precipices — I’ine  trout  fishing. 

General  Grant 
1890 

Middle 

eastern 

California 

4 

Created  to  preserve  the  celebrated  General  Grant  Tree,  35 
feet  in  diameter — six  miles  from  Sequoia  National  Park  and 
under  same  management. 

Mount  Rainier 
1899 

West 

central 

Washington 

324 

Largest  accessible  single-peak  glacier  system — 28  glaciers, 
some  of  large  size — Forty-eight  square  miles  of  glacier, 
fifty  to  five  hundred  feet  thick — Remarkable  sub-alpine 
wild-flower  fields. 

Crater  La::e 
1902 

South- 

western 

Oregon 

249 

Lake  of  extraordinary  blue  in  crater  of  extinct  volcano,  no 
inlet,  no  outlet — Sides  1,000  feet  high — Interesting  lava  for- 
mations— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Mesa  Verde 
1906 

South- 

western 

Colorado 

77 

Most  notable  and  best-preserved  prehistoric  cliff  dwellings  in 
L^nited  States,  if  not  in  the  world. 

Platt 

1906 

Southern 

Oklahoma 

lV2 

Sulphur  and  other  springs  possessing  curative  properties — 
Under  Government  regulations. 

Glacier 

1910 

North- 

western 

Montana 

i,S34 

Rugged  mountain  region  cf  unsurpassed  Alpine  character — 
250  glacier-fed  lakes  of  romantic  beauty — 60  small  glaciers 
— Peaks  of  unusual  shape — Precipices  thousands  of  feet 
deep — Almost  sensational  scenery  of  marked  individuality 
— Fine  trout  fishing. 

Rocky  Mountain 
191S 

North 

middle 

Colorado 

00 

Heart  of  the  Rockies — Snowy  range,  peaks  11,000  to  14,250 
feet  altitude — Remarkable  records  of  glacial  period. 

National  Parks  of  less  popular  interest  am: 

Sully’s  Hill,  1904,  North  Dakota Wooded  hilly  tract  on  Devil’s  Lake. 

Wind  Cave,  1903,  South  Dakota Large  natural  cavern. 

Casa  Grande  Ruin,  1892,  Arizona Prehistoric  Indian  ruin. 


HOW  TO  REACH  THii. . ^AL  PARKS 


The  map  shows  tlie  location  of  all  of  our  National  Parks  and  their  principal  railroad  connections. 
The  traveler  may  work  out  his  routes  to  suit  himself.  Low  round-trip  excursion  fares  to  the 
American  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  Pacific  Coast  may  be  availed  of  in  visiting  the  National 
Parks  during  their  respective  seasons,  thus  materially  reducing  the  cost  of  the  trip,  t rans- 
continental through  trains  and  branch  lines  make  the  Parks  easy  of  access  from  all  parts  of  the 
United  States.  For  schedules  and  excursion  fares  to  and  between  the  National  Parks  write  to  the 
Passenger  Departments  of  the  railroads  which  appear  on  the  above  map,  as  follows: 

Arizona  ItAfTERN  Railroad  - --  --  --  --  --  - - Tucson,  Ariz. 

Atuuson,  Tj.’eka  & Santa  Fe  Railway  ------  -iii9RaiKvay  Exchange,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago  & North  Wester.n  Railway  -------  226  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  111. 

Chicago,  Burlington  C<  Quincy  Railroad  Co.  - - - - 547  West  Jackson  Boulevard,  Chicago,  III. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  ^ St.  Paul  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange,  Chicago,  III. 

Colorado  and  Southern  Railway  -------  Railway  Exchange  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Denver  & Rio  Grande  Railroad  Co.  Equitable  Building,  Denver,  Colo. 

Great  Northern  Railway  -----  Railroad  Building,  Fourth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Gulf,  Colorado  S:  Santa  Fe  R\ilway  - - Galveston,  Texas. 

Illinois  Central  Railroad  Cent  ral  Station,  Chicago,  111. 

Missouri  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  - Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Northern  Pach  ic  Railw/Ay  - - - - Railroad  Building,  Fifth  and  Jackson  Streets,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

San  Pedro,  Los  .Angeles  & Salt  Lake  Railroad  - - - Pacific  Electric  Building,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Southern  Pacific  Company  - - Flood  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Union  Pacific  System  Garland  Building,  58  East  Washington  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

Wabash  Railway  - --  --  --  --  --  Railway  Exchange  Building,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Western  Pacific  Railway  - --  --  --  --  - Mills  Building,  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

For  information  about  sojourning  and  traveling  within  the  National  Parks  write  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior  for  the  Information  circular  of  the  Park  or  Parks  in  which  you  are  interested. 


3, 

REMEMBER  THAT 

GRAND  CANYON  BELONGS  TO  YOU 

IT  IS  ONE  OF  THE  GRE.^T  NATIONAL  PLAYGROUNDS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  PEOPLE 


PRESS  OF  CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS,  NEW  YORK 


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